Modules

• Year 1
  • Introduction to Year 1 and Year Outcomes
  • Fundamentals of Medicine
  • Cardiorespiratory 1
  • Metabolism 1
  • Locomotor 1
  • Brain and Behaviour 1
  • Human Development 1
  • Medicine in Society 1
  • Clinical Communication Skills
  • Student Selected Component (SSC)
• Year 2
  • Introduction to Year 2 and Year Outcomes
  • Cardiorespiratory 2
  • Metabolism 2
  • Brain and Behaviour 2
  • Human Development 2
  • Human Sciences and Public Health 2
  • Locomotor 2
  • Cancer Week
  • Moving and Handling Training
  • Year 2 Lifesaver Programme
  • Clinical Communication Skills
  • Medicine in Society 2
  • Extended Patient Contact
  • Student Selected Component (SSC)
• Year 3
  • Introduction to Year 3 and Year Outcomes
  • Clinical Science and Professionalism (Weeks 1-3)
  • Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Haematology (CR3)
  • Gastroenterology and Cancer (MET3A)
  • Public Health
  • Endocrinology and Renal Medicine (MET3B)
  • General Practice and Community Care
  • Student Selected Component (SSC)
  • Clinical and Communication Skills
• Year 4
  • Introduction and Year 4 Outcomes
  • Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • Child Health
  • HIV & Sexual Health
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Health Care of the Elderly
  • Neuroscience
  • Dermatology
  • General Practice and Community Care
  • Psychiatry
  • Ear, Nose and Throat
  • Global Health and Ethics
  • Ophthalmology
  • Clinical & Communication Skills
  • Student Selected Component (SSC)
• Year 5
  • Introduction to Year 5 and Year Outcomes
  • Teaching Week 1
  • Teaching Week 2
  • Anaesthesia & ITU (AN & ITU)
  • Breaking Bad News
  • Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
  • Community Care
  • Doctors as Teachers and Educators (DATE)
  • Emergency Medicine (EMERG MED)
  • General (Internal) Medicine (G(I)M)
  • Immediate Life Support (ILS)
  • Student Assistantship
  • Simulation
  • Surgery
  • Student Selected Component (SSC)
• Year GEP 1
  • Cancer Week
  • Movement and Posture
  • Carriage of Oxygen
  • Human Sciences and Public Health
  • Digestion, Growth and Metabolism
  • Infection and Immunity
  • Ethics
  • Brain and Behaviour
  • Human Development
  • Clinical Communication Skills
  • Medicine in Society (GEP)

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Year 2 LOC2: Locomotor 2

• Dr Lesley Robson
• l.g.robson@qmul.ac.uk

Teaching Material for this Module

Introduction

In Locomotor 2, you will use your knowledge of the musculoskeletal and dermatology systems from the first year to understand what can go wrong in disease and injury. The bony skeleton supports the body and helps to protect the internal organs. In the normal state, the joints allow smooth controlled movements and the muscles provide the contractile force. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system cover a wide range of medical and surgical conditions.

Most severe traumatic problems, such as fractures and many mechanical and developmental disorders are treated by orthopaedic surgery. Severe joint disorders are the province of the rheumatologists. The vast majority of minor traumatic and arthritic conditions are looked after on a day to day basis by the GP with or without the help of specialists. Locomotor 2 will cover the basics of trauma care, orthopaedic surgery, the pharmacology of the treating musculoskletal disease and the management of pain. There will also be clinical skills sessions on the assessment of the locomotor system. 

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Index

• General Outcomes for the Whole Person
• General Outcomes for the Musculoskeletal System
• General Outcomes for Dermatology
• The patient with myalgia
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Trauma, Fractures & Soft Tissue Injuries
• Infections of Bones and Joints
• Paediatric Joint Diseases
• Skin Infections
• Inflammatory Skin Disease

• General Outcomes for the Whole Person
  • Medical knowledge: PHARMACOLOGY (TD 8.10)
    • Adverse Drug Reactions
      1. To understand the side-effects and how newer drugs can reduce side effects
• General Outcomes for the Musculoskeletal System
  • Medical knowledge: ANATOMY (TD 8.1)
    • Surface Anatomy - General
      1. Apply the normal anatomy of joints to pathological conditions.
      2. Apply knowledge of the basic anatomy of the upper and lower limb, vertebral column, joint types, muscle groups, nerve and vascular supply; to musculoskeletal diseases.
  • Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY (TD 8.2)
    • Joint Structure and Function
      1. To describe the normal anatomy of synovial joints including the composition of synovial fluid and how this changes in different disease states
      2. To describe the normal microanatomy of the articular cartilage and how this changes with normal ageing and in disease states
    • Synovial Fluid
      1. To describe the normal anatomy of synovial joints including the composition of synovial fluid and how this changes in different disease states
  • Medical knowledge: PATHOLOGY (TD 8.7)
    • General
      1. Apply the normal anatomy of joints to pathological conditions.
      2. Apply knowledge of the basic anatomy of the upper and lower limb, vertebral column, joint types, muscle groups, nerve and vascular supply; to musculoskeletal diseases.
      3. To describe the pathophysiology of calcium salt precipitation in joints
      4. To describe the normal microanatomy of ligaments and how this changes in disease or injured states
      5. Understand common endocrine and metabolic muscle disorders
    • General Pathology
      1. To describe the metabolism of uric acid and how it precipitates in the joints to cause gout
  • Medical knowledge: IMMUNOLOGY and INFLAMMATION (TD 8.8)
    • The Immune Response in Health
      1. To understand the basic immunology processes that affect the joint in disease
      2. To understand the basic inflammatory processes that affect the joint in disease
  • Medical knowledge: CLINICAL FEATURES of DISEASE (TD 8 b)
    • General Outcomes for Musculoskeletal Diseases
      1. Types of inflammatory joint diseases
  • Clinical skills: MAKING A DIAGNOSIS and CLINICAL JUDGEMENT (TD 14 e-f)
    • Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders
      1. Understand how the anatomy can help physicians and surgeons to treat these conditions.
  • Clinical skills: FORMULATING A TREATMENT PLAN (TD 14 g)
    • Pain Relief
      1. Fitting the analgesia to the condition
    • Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders
      1. Understand how joints and bone injury are treated and arising complications.
      2. Understand how the anatomy can help physicians and surgeons to treat these conditions.
      3. To understand when and why NSAID would be used
  • Clinical skills: SURGERY and ANAESTHETICS (TD 14 g)
    • General Surgical Outcomes
      1. List the different types of tissue grafts and identify their advantages and disadvantages.
• General Outcomes for Dermatology
  • Medical knowledge: ANATOMY (TD 8.1)
    • Skin and Tissues
      1. Understand the structure and function of skin
  • Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY (TD 8.2)
    • Skin
      1. To describe how the structure/function of skin provides an important contribution to natural defence against micro-organisms.
  • Medical knowledge: MICROBIOLOGY and INFECTION (TD 8.9)
    • Sources of Infection and Routes of Transmission
      1. To realise the concept of normal skin microflora and of chronic carriage of micro-organisms, such as Staphylococcal aureus.
  • Medical knowledge: CLINICAL FEATURES of DISEASE (TD 8 b)
    • Skin Infections
      1. To describe how the structure/function of skin provides an important contribution to natural defence against micro-organisms.
    • General Outcomes for Dermatological Diseases
      1. Understand the clinical significance of losing the skin barrier for health and disease
• The patient with myalgia
  • Approach to diagnosis
    1. Therapies for muscle disorders
• Rheumatoid arthritis
  • General outcomes
    1. To understand the pharmacology of the DMARDs for RA
    2. Rheumatoid arthritis, causes, pathology, symptoms and treatments
    3. To understand the new biological for RA
• Osteoarthritis
  • General Topics
    1. To understand the pharmacological treatments for OA
    2. Be aware of the different types of Osteoarthritis and the known causes of these
    3. To understand the alternative treatment options for OA
    4. Understand the pattern of joints affected in Osteoarthritis and why
    5. Understand the process of degeneration of the cartilage that leads to Osteoarthritis
    6. To understand surgical options for OA
• Trauma, Fractures & Soft Tissue Injuries
  • General Outcomes
    1. To describe the common traumas seen that affect the muscuoskletal system and their complications and treatments.
    2. To describe the different types of fractures
    3. Common orthopaedic procedures and treatment options
    4. To describe the main treatment options for dealing with bone fractures
    5. To describe how bones repair themselves after a fracture
• Infections of Bones and Joints
  • General topics
    1. Antimicrobial therapy
    2. Causative organisms leading to bone and joint sepsis
    3. Microbiological investigations
    4. Risk factors and pathogenesis of bone and joint infections
• Paediatric Joint Diseases
  • General Topics
    1. Understand the development and management of paediatric conditions and how to recognise them on radiographs.
• Skin Infections
  • General
    1. To consider the range of different organisms that cause infection in skin: bacteria, viruses, yeast/fungi, and parasites.
    2. To consider the different skin sites that may become infected and the different associated clinical features: epidermal, dermal, subcutaneous, appendigeal.
    3. To be familiar with common skin infections including impetigo, cellulitis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, tinea and scabies.
• Inflammatory Skin Disease
  • General
    1. To appreciate the patho-physiology underlying the signs of inflammation in the skin redness, swelling and pain.
    2. To appreciate the different types of inflammation in the skin - mast cell mediated, immune complex mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity, granuloma formation.
    3. To appreciate the differences between Th1 and Th2 responses and the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis.
    4. To describe the cutaneous manifestations of vasculitis and appreciate the common causes.

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