Specialties
- WHOLE PERSON
- CARDIORESPIRATORY
- METABOLISM
- HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
- BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
- LOCOMOTOR
CARDIORESPIRATORY: Haematology
Index
- General Outcomes for Haematology
- Anaemia (Priority 1)
- Tropical Haematological Disorders (Priority 2)
- Haemoglobinopathies (Priority 2*)
- Benign White Cell (Leucocyte) Disease (Priority 2)
- Platelet Disorders (Priority 2)
- Haemostasis (Priority 2*)
- Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prevention and Thromboprophylaxis (Priority 2)
- Leukaemias (myeloproliferative Disorders and Myelodysplasia)
- Myeloma
- Haemolytic Anaemia
- Lymphoma
- Polycythaemia (Priority 3)
- Cancers of Blood and Lymph (Priority 3)
- General Outcomes for Haematology
- Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY (TD 8.2)
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis
- Describe the nature and function of platelets; explain what is meant by thrombocytopenia (GEP/CO2)
- Describe the normal coagulation pathway and how it is activated by: tissue damage, contact of blood with tissue collagen or glass. (GEP/CO2)
- Describe the roles of Vitamin K, platelets, calcium, serine proteases and modifier proteins in the clotting process (GEP/CO2)
- Structure and Function of Blood
- List the cellular components of blood cells and outline their roles in the carriage of oxygen and carbon dioxide, immunity / allergy and haemostasis (GEP/CO2)
- List the major chemical components of plasma, and comment on the role of these in clotting, immunity, colloid pressure and buffering (GEP/CO2)
- Outline the production of blood cells from pluripotent haemopoietic stem cells and the regulation of erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis (GEP/CO2)
- Outline the response to anaemia (GEP/CO2)
- Define the parameters of a full blood count and give an outline classification of anaemia (GEP/CO2)
- Carriage of Oxygen in the Blood
- Describe the structure of haemoglobin and explain why it is uniquely suitable for the carriage of oxygen in the blood (CR1)
- Explain the significance of the subunit structure of haemoglobin and the consequences of mutations in the haemoglobin genes. (CR1)
- Comment on the significance of methaemoglobin in erythrocytes (CR1)
- Explain what is meant by haematocrit and how it is regulated. (CR1)
- Explain the ways in which carbon dioxide is transported by the blood (CR1)
- Blood Groups
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis
- Medical knowledge: PATHOLOGY (TD 8.7)
- General Outcomes for Haematological Pathology
- Pathology of Neonatal Disorders
- Medical knowledge: PHARMACOLOGY (TD 8.10)
- Clinical skills: MAKING A DIAGNOSIS and CLINICAL JUDGEMENT (TD 14 e-f)
- Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY (TD 8.2)
- Anaemia (Priority 1)
- General Outcomes for Anaemia
- Recall the process of erythropoiesis and the function of erythropoietin (CR3)
- Recall the structure and function of the red cell and haemoglobin (CR3)
- Recall the normal process of red cell breakdown with recycling of components (CR3)
- Recall the basic causes of anaemia and the morphological classification of anaemia ie, microcytic, normocytic and macrocytic (CR3)
- Describe the symptoms and signs of anaemia and the compensatory physiological responses to anaemia (CR3)
- Explain the anaemia of chronic disease, and show how this can be differentiated from other types of anaemia.
- Explain the concept of the Anaemia of Chronic Disorder/Inflammation.
- Describe an approach to the investigation and management of a patient with anaemia (CR3)
- State the classification of anaemia based on red cell size, i.e. microcytic, normocytic and macrocytic
- Revise abnormal features in blood films characteristic of anaemias. (CR2)
- Outline the nutritional and metabolic aspects of iron (including dietary iron, iron absorption, body iron distribution and transport) and the concept of iron overload.
- Outline the clinical and laboratory aspects of iron deficiency.
- Differentiate, by laboratory tests, between the anaemia due to iron deficiency and the other causes of microcytic anaemia.
- General Outcomes for Anaemia
- Tropical Haematological Disorders (Priority 2)
- General Outcomes for Haematological Tropical Disorders
- Draw the life cycle of malarial species in man and the mosquito (CR3)
- Know how to seek expert advice on the prevention and treatment of malaria (CR3)
- Learn about the different species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans (CR3)
- Understand the treatment of malaria (CR3)
- Know about the measures to be taken to prevent malaria (CR3)
- General Outcomes for Haematological Tropical Disorders
- Haemoglobinopathies (Priority 2*)
- General Outcomes for Haemoglobinopathies
- Understand the genetics of sickle cell disease and thalassaemia; define sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait (CR3)
- Understand how the genetic alterations affect the normal physiology of haemoglobin and the red cell and what the clinical consequences (CR3)
- Outline the laboratory diagnosis of sickle cell disease and thalassaemia (CR3)
- Outline the management of sickle cell disease and thalassaemia (CR3)
- Describe the genetics of beta-thalassaemia and sickle cell.
- Describe how these genetic alterations affect the normal physiology of haemoglobin and the red cell; and the clinical consequences.
- Describe the treatment of beta-thalassaemia and sickle cell, and explain their screening rationale and methodology.
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Thalassaemia
- General Outcomes for Haemoglobinopathies
- Benign White Cell (Leucocyte) Disease (Priority 2)
- Platelet Disorders (Priority 2)
- General
- Recall normal platelet structure and function (CR3)
- Learn the common causes of thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) (CR3)
- Describe the symptoms and signs of a patient with thrombocytopenia (CR3)
- Outline the investigation and management of immune thrombocytopenia (CR3)
- Learn the differential diagnoses for thrombocytosis (raised platelet count) (CR3)
- Give examples of drugs that inhibit platelet function and explain when these are used (CR3)
- General
- Haemostasis (Priority 2*)
- General
- Recall the key elements of the haemostatic mechanism (CR3)
- Understand how a balance is maintained between the opposing mechanisms of coagulation (CR3)
- Describe the symptoms and signs associated with bleeding disorders (CR3)
- Understand the basic screening tests used to investigate a bleeding disorder (CR3)
- Learn about some bleeding disorders which are inherited and acquired (CR3)
- Be aware of the therapeutic approaches used to manage bleeding disorders (CR3)
- Outline the action of anti-thrombotic drugs (CR3)
- Describe the key elements of the haemostatic mechanism; relate these elements to the essential functions of the control of bleeding and the prevention of thrombosis
- Describe the categories of drug which may be used for therapeutic purposes to modify haemostasis.
- Discuss, in broad terms, the way in which problems may arise as a result of inherited or acquired pathology.
- Haemophilia
- General
- Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prevention and Thromboprophylaxis (Priority 2)
- General
- Recall the pathological and physiological mechanisms leading to VTE (CR3)
- Understand the significance of venous thromboembolism (VTE) morbidity and mortality in the whole hospital setting and to appreciate that much of this is preventable (CR3)
- Understand the process and justification for VTE risk assessment of hospitalised patients and alternative policy approaches to thromboprophylaxis (CR3, CR3)
- Describe methods and effectiveness of VTE prevention strategies along with their contraindications (CR3, CR3)
- General
- Leukaemias (myeloproliferative Disorders and Myelodysplasia)
- Leukaemias (myeloproliferative Disorders and Myelodysplasia): General
- Understand the nature of the malignant process and the concept of clonality; relate this to haematological malignancy - abnormal growth, differentiation, apoptosis (CR3)
- Be able to classify leukaemia into acute (AML and ALL) and chronic (CML and CLL) based on the clinical and laboratory findings (CR3)
- Compare and contrast the main differences between acute and chronic leukaemia (CR3)
- Explain the clinical features of leukaemia (CR3)
- Describe the diagnostic pathway required to confirm the diagnosis of leukaemia (CR3)
- Outline the basic principles of the management and treatment of leukaemia (CR3)
- Understand the concept of the myeloproliferative disorders (CR3)
- Understand the concept of myelodysplasia (CR3)
- Leukaemias (myeloproliferative Disorders and Myelodysplasia): General
- Myeloma
- Myeloma: General
- Understand the structure and function of the immunoglobulins (CR3)
- Define the term paraproteinaemia (CR3)
- Understand the pathology and clinical manifestations of myeloma (CR3)
- Describe the biochemical and haematological abnormalities common in myeloma and their significance (CR3)
- Outline the diagnosis, investigation and management of myeloma (CR3)
- Distinguish myeloma from benign paraproteinaemia (CR3)
- Be aware of the complications of myeloma and their treatment (CR3)
- Discuss the management of myeloma (CR3)
- Myeloma: General
- Haemolytic Anaemia
- Haemolytic Anaemia: General
- Recall normal red cell metabolism and red cell breakdown (CR3)
- Construct a simplified classification for the haemolytic anaemias (CR3)
- Describe additional clinical signs in a patient with haemolytic anaemia and explain how these may differ from those of anaemia due to other causes (CR3)
- Outline the laboratory diagnosis of a haemolytic process and understand the concept of extra-vascular and intravascular haemolysis (CR3)
- Describe the investigation and management of a patient with haemolytic anaemia (CR3)
- List common drugs which may induce haemolytic anaemia (CR3)
- Haemolytic Anaemia: General
- Lymphoma
- Lymphoma: General
- Define the term lymphoma (CR3)
- Be able to recall a simplified classification of lymphoma (CR3)
- Outline the clinical manifestations and investigation of a patient with lymphoma (CR3)
- Understand the staging of lymphoma; list the criteria used for staging (CR3)
- Discuss the pathology of lymphoma including Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (CR3)
- Understand the approach to the management and treatment of lymphoma (CR3)
- Lymphoma: General
- Polycythaemia (Priority 3)
- Cancers of Blood and Lymph (Priority 3)
- General Outcomes for Cancers of Blood and Lymph
- The conditions: chronic myeloid leukaemia, polycythaemia rubra vera, essential thromocythaemia, myelofibrosis. (CSP3)
- Biology, clinical features, investigations, diagnosis, further tests, management & prognosis of the above conditions. (CSP3)
- Understand the role of the primary care team in the palliative care of terminal haematological disease.
- Leukaemia
- Understand the nature of the malignant process and the concept of clonality; relate this to haematological malignancy - abnormal growth, differentiation and apoptosis
- Be able to classify leukaemia into acute (AML and ALL) and chronic (CML and CLL) based on the clinical and laboratory findings
- Compare and contrast the main differences between acute and chronic leukaemia
- Explain the clinical features of leukaemia
- Describe the diagnostic pathway required to confirm the diagnosis of leukaemia
- Outline the basic principles of the management and treatment of leukaemia
- Understand the concept of the myeloproliferative disorders
- Understand the concept of myelodysplasia
- Lymphoma
- The conditions: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Myeloma. (CSP3)
- Define the term lymphoma
- Outline the clinical manifestations and investigation of a patient with lymphoma
- Understand the staging of lymphoma; list the criteria used for staging
- Discuss the pathology of lymphoma including Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Understand the approach to the management and treatment of lymphoma
- Myeloma
- Understand the structure and function of the immunoglobulins
- Define the term paraproteinaemia
- Describe the biochemical and haematological abnormalities common in myeloma and their significance
- Understand the pathology and clinical manifestations of myeloma
- Outline the diagnosis, investigation and management of myeloma
- Distinguish myeloma from benign paraproteinaemia
- Be aware of the complications of myeloma and their treatment
- Discuss the management of myeloma
- General Outcomes for Cancers of Blood and Lymph