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  • Musculoskeletal System
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LOCOMOTOR: Musculoskeletal System

Index

• General Outcomes for the Musculoskeletal System
• The patient with joint pain
• The patient with a hot swollen joint
• The patient with myalgia
• The patient with regional pain / soft tissue disease
• The patient with back pain
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Connective Tissue Diseases and Vasculitis
• Spondyloarthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Crystal Arthropathies
• Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease
• Chronic Widespread Pain
• Trauma, Fractures & Soft Tissue Injuries
• Infections of Bones and Joints
• Bone tumours / Malignancy
• Paediatric Joint Diseases
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• General Outcomes for the Musculoskeletal System
  • Medical knowledge: ANATOMY (TD 8.1)
    • Spinal Regions, Vertebrae and Intervertebral Discs
      1. Know the arrangement of the vertebrae in the vertebral column (LOC1)
      2. Can identify the vertebrae from the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions; understand the joints connecting the adjacent vertebrae
      3. Know the main features of a typical vertebrae and identify the atypical vertebrae (LOC1)
    • Muscles, Ligaments and Movements of the Back and Vertebral Column
      1. Understand the movements of the vertebral column and how these change with standing and age.
    • Bones and Joints
      1. Describe the main ligamentous attachments of the bony pelvis.
      2. To be aware of the functional clinical anatomy of the back
      3. Understand normal bone metabolism and remodeling
      4. Can describe the functional anatomy of synovial joints and the spine (MusSkel4)
    • Surface Anatomy - General
      1. Apply the normal anatomy of joints to pathological conditions. (LOC2)
      2. Apply knowledge of the basic anatomy of the upper and lower limb, vertebral column, joint types, muscle groups, nerve and vascular supply; to musculoskeletal diseases. (LOC2)
    • Muscles, Nerves and Connective Tissue
      1. Can describe the distribution of the major nerve roots and peripheral nerves (MusSkel4)
    • Bones, Muscles and Ligaments of the Pelvis
      1. Describe the main ligamentous attachments of the bony pelvis.
      2. Describe the pelvic diaphragm.
    • Rectum and Anus
      1. Describe the pelvic diaphragm.
    • Female Pelvis and Reproductive System
      1. Pelvic measurements in obstetrics.
    • Muscles, Tendons and Movement of the Upper Limb
      1. Define the term opposition of the hand (GEP/M&P)
      2. Know the functional anatomy of the upper limb (LOC1)
      3. Be able to understand the modifications for movement and the clinical relevance of these modifications. (LOC1)
      4. Name the joints of the elbow, the movements of the elbow, and the muscles that produce these movements.
    • Muscles, Tendons and Movements of the Hand
      1. Define the term opposition of the hand. (LOC1)
    • Surface Anatomy of the Shoulder and Upper Limb
      1. Be able to describe the major surface landmarks of the upper and lower limbs (LOC1)
      2. Be able to relate these to the clinical examinations and assessments of the lilmbs in health and disease
    • Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb
      1. Be able to identify the bones, their arrangements and joints that comprise the pectoral girdle (LOC1)
      2. Be able to identify the bones and the osteology of the elbow joint (LOC1)
      3. Understand the functional anatomy of the glenohumeral joint and its modifications for alloweing movement. Understand the clinical relevance of these modification (LOC1)
    • Innervation of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand
      1. Be able to explain briefly the effect of the most common nerve injuries to the upper limb (LOC1)
      2. Know the passage of blood vessels and nerves through the elbow region (LOC1)
    • The Brachial Plexus
      1. Be able to explain the formation of the brachial plexus (LOC1)
    • Muscles and Tendons and Movements of the Shoulder Joint
      1. To be aware of the functional clinical anatomy of the upper limb
      2. List the movements of the glenohumeral joint and name the muscles that produce these movements.
    • Circulation of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand
      1. Be able to identify the positions where arterial pulsations may be felt in the upper limb (LOC1)
      2. Know the passage of blood vessels and nerves through the elbow region (LOC1)
      3. Know and be able to describe the course of the major arteries and veins in the upper limb
    • The Knee Joint and Popliteal Fossa
      1. Describe the extra-capsular and intra-capsular ligaments of the knee joint (LOC1)
      2. Be able to describe the structures that pass through the popliteal region (LOC1)
      3. Can describe the menisci of the knee and explain how they are affected by movement
      4. Understand the arrangement of the bones and their osteological features that make up the knee joint (LOC1)
      5. Understand the function of the bursa around the knee joint
    • Surface Anatomy of the Hip, Leg and Foot
      1. Be able to describe the major surface landmarks of the upper and lower limbs (LOC1)
      2. Be able to relate these to the clinical examinations and assessments of the lilmbs in health and disease
    • Bones and Joints of the Hip and Leg
      1. Understand the arrangement of the pelvic girdle in relation to the hip joint (GEP/M&P)
      2. Understand the arrangement of the pelvic girdle in relation to the hip joint (LOC1)
      3. Understand the clinical relevance of the hip joint (LOC1)
    • Muscles, Tendons and Movement of the Hip and Leg
      1. Describe the hip joint and the functional anatomy that provides it with stability (LOC1)
      2. Know the movements possible at the hip joint and the muscles that produce these movements (LOC1)
      3. Describe the hip joint and the functional anatomy that provides it with stability (GEP/M&P)
    • Circulation of the lower limb and foot
      1. Be able to describe the course of the major arteries in the lower limb. (LOC1)
      2. Be able to identify where arterial pulsations may be felt in the lower limb (LOC1)
      3. Know the mechanisms by which blood returns from the veins of the lower limb to the heart. (LOC1)
    • Bones and Joints of the Foot
      1. Understand the ankle joint proper (talocrual joint), and the sub-talar joints to the movements of the ankle and foot.
      2. Understand the ankle joint proper (talocrual joint) and the sub-talar joints to the movements of the ankle and foot (GEP/M&P)
    • Muscles, Tendons and Movement of the Foot
      1. Understand the functional anatomy of the foot. (LOC1)
    • Innervation of the Lower Limb and Foot
      1. Be able to describe the course of nerves in the lower limb. (LOC1)
      2. Describe the formation of the lumbar and sacral plexi (LOC1)
      3. Know the functional problems arising from damage to nerves in the lower limb and the lumbar and sacral plexi (LOC1)
      4. Describe the formation of the lumbar and sacral plexi (GEP/M&P)
  • Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY (TD 8.2)
    • General Musculoskeletal Physiology
      1. Understand how the musculoskeletal system allows growth post natally
      2. Review the normal muscle anatomy and physiology
      3. Explain how injury to the median and ulnar nerves effect the function of the hand
      4. Understand the movements that are possible at the various joints of the hand, and the muscles involved
      5. Understand the two main categories of grip and the main sub-divisions within each
      6. Understand the functional anatomy and modification of the lower limb for stability and locomotion (LOC1)
    • Peripheral Systems
      1. Be able to describe the main types of peripheral sensory receptors
      2. Be able to describe the main types of peripheral sensory receptors
      3. Be able to describe the types of peripheral axons and sensory nerve fibres and their conduction velocities (including ANS fibres)
      4. Understand how the force of muscle contraction is controlled by impulse frequency and by the recruitment of motor units
    • Skeletal Muscle (Striated Muscle)
      1. Review the normal muscle anatomy and physiology
      2. To describe the structure and anatomical location of the superficial and deep fascia of the lower and upper limb and the structures that are related to these fascial layers (GEP/M&P)
      3. To describe how the deep fascia leads to the formation of muscular compartments (GEP/M&P)
      4. Understand the structure of skeletal muscle fibre (LOC1)
      5. Understand the physiology of the skeletal muscle fibre (GEP/M&P)
      6. To explain how muscle function is enhanced by the fascia (GEP/M&P)
      7. Understand the physiology of the skeletal muscle fibre (LOC1)
    • Muscle Function and the Neuromuscular Junction
      1. Know the structure and function of skeletal muscle
      2. Understand the anatomy of the neuromuscular junction
      3. Be able to describe the physiology of skeletal muscle
      4. Understand the pharmacology of the neuromuscular junction.
      5. Understand the physiology of the neuromuscular junction
      6. Be able to describe the neuromuscular juntion to include: a) muscle fibre contraction; b) muscle metabolism; c) muscle adaptation
    • Joint Structure and Function
      1. Be able to describe the different types of synovial joints (LOC1)
      2. To describe the normal anatomy of synovial joints including the composition of synovial fluid and how this changes in different disease states (LOC2)
      3. To describe the normal microanatomy of the articular cartilage and how this changes with normal ageing and in disease states (GEP/M&P)
      4. Be able to identify the three main types of joints and how, structurally, they influence the amount of movement possible (GEP/M&P, LOC1)
      5. To describe the normal microanatomy of the articular cartilage and how this changes with normal ageing and in disease states (LOC2)
      6. Understand how the articular cartilage and synovial fluid contribute to the function of synovial joints (GEP/M&P)
      7. Understand the components of a synovial joint (LOC1)
    • Synovial Fluid
      1. To describe the normal anatomy of synovial joints including the composition of synovial fluid and how this changes in different disease states (LOC2)
      2. Understand how glycosaminoglycans contribute to lubricating properties of the synovial joint. (LOC1)
      3. Understand how synovial fluid is produced (LOC1)
      4. Understand how synovial fluid is produced (GEP/M&P)
    • Walking and Posture
      1. Describe the changes of moving from a double to a single support (LOC1)
      2. Describe the events in the normal walking cycle (LOC1)
      3. Describe the events in the normal walking cycle (GEP/M&P)
      4. Understand the actions of the main muscle groups of the lower llimb in the walking cycle (LOC1)
  • Medical knowledge: PATHOLOGY (TD 8.7)
    • General Pathology
      1. To describe the metabolism of uric acid and how it precipitates in the joints to cause gout (LOC2)
      2. To describe the metabolism of uric acid and how it precipitates in the joints to cause gout (GEP/M&P)
    • General
      1. Apply the normal anatomy of joints to pathological conditions. (LOC2)
      2. Apply knowledge of the basic anatomy of the upper and lower limb, vertebral column, joint types, muscle groups, nerve and vascular supply; to musculoskeletal diseases. (LOC2)
      3. To describe the pathophysiology of calcium salt precipitation in joints. (GEP/M&P)
      4. To describe the pathophysiology of calcium salt precipitation in joints (LOC2)
      5. Understand common endocrine and metabolic muscle disorders (LOC2)
      6. To examine common endocrine and metabolic muscle disorders (GEP/M&P)
      7. To describe the normal microanatomy of ligaments and how this changes in disease or injured states (LOC2)
  • Medical knowledge: IMMUNOLOGY and INFLAMMATION (TD 8.8)
    • The Immune Response in Health
      1. To understand the basic immunology processes that affect the joint in disease (LOC2)
      2. To understand the basic inflammatory processes that affect the joint in disease (GEP/M&P)
      3. To understand the basic immunology processes that affect the joint in disease
      4. To understand the basic inflammatory processes that affect the joint in disease (LOC2)
  • Medical knowledge: CLINICAL FEATURES of DISEASE (TD 8 b)
    • General Outcomes for Musculoskeletal Diseases
      1. Types of inflammatory joint diseases (LOC2)
  • Clinical skills: HISTORY (TD 13 a-b)
    • Musculosketal History
      1. Can obtain a detailed musculoskeletal history from a patient presenting with either arthralgia, mylagia, back pain or chronic widespread disease (MusSkel4)
      2. To obtain an appropriate musculoskeletal history from a patient presenting with either arthralgia, mylagia, back pain or chronic widespread disease (CC4)
  • Clinical skills: PHYSICAL EXAMINATION (TD 13 c)
    • Examining the Patient
      1. Can identify, using the GALS (Gait, Arms, Legs Spine) screen, normality and regional abnormality of the musculoskeletal system (MusSkel4)
      2. Can perform a detailed examination of the peripheral joints and spine (MusSkel4)
  • Clinical skills: PLANNING AND INTERPRETING INVESTIGATIONS (TD 14 c-d)
    • Musculosketetal Imaging
      1. Describe the main features of other imaging modalitites for imaging the skeletal system. (LOC1)
      2. Be able to describe the role of CT and MRI for imaging the soft tissues (LOC1)
      3. Be aware of other imaging modalities for assessing muscle and soft tissue (LOC1)
      4. Understand additional X-Ray based imaging techniques for specialised imaging of the skeletal system (LOC1)
      5. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of X-Rays for imaging the skeletal system (LOC1)
      6. Can identify the characteristic radiological abnormailities of the common rheumatic diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, pseudogout, psoriatic arthritis and disorders affecting the spine (MusSkel4)
      7. Can identify the characteristic radiological abnormailities, complications and management of the common upper limb fractures, including: Clavicle, Humeral head/neck/shaft, Supracondylar, Olecranon, Radius and Ulnar, and Scaphoid. (MusSkel4)
    • Musculoskeletal Investigation
      1. Can describe the diagnositic features of synovial fluid in the common rheumatological disorders (RA, OA, gout) as well infection (MusSkel4)
  • Clinical skills: MAKING A DIAGNOSIS and CLINICAL JUDGEMENT (TD 14 e-f)
    • Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders
      1. Understand how the anatomy can help physicians and surgeons to treat these conditions. (LOC2)
  • Clinical skills: FORMULATING A TREATMENT PLAN (TD 14 g)
    • Pain Relief
      1. Fitting the analgesia to the condition (LOC2)
      2. Fitting the analgesia to the condition (GEP/M&P)
    • Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders
      1. To understand when and why NSAID would be used (LOC2)
      2. Understand how the anatomy can help physicians and surgeons to treat these conditions. (LOC2)
      3. To understand when and why NSAID would be used (GEP/M&P)
      4. Understand how joints and bone injury are treated and arising complications. (LOC2)
  • Clinical skills: SURGERY and ANAESTHETICS (TD 14 g)
    • General Surgical Outcomes
      1. List the different types of tissue grafts and identify their advantages and disadvantages. (LOC2)
  • Clinical skills: PRESCRIBING DRUGS SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY (TD 17 a-h)
    • Analgesic Drugs
      1. Be able to distinguish between the following terms and conditions: Pain secondary to inflammation; Neuropathic pain; Pain secondary to malignancy; WHO analgesic ladder (MusSkel4)
      2. Know how to select the type, route, dose and frequency of analgesia to maximise efficacy and reduce harm (MusSkel4)
      3. Knows the indications for choosing, giving and monitoring the following medications: Aspirin; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac; Cyclo-oxygenase 2 selective inhibitors (Coxibs) eg Celecoxib; Local Anaesthesi (MusSkel4)
• The patient with joint pain
  • General Topics
    1. Can list a differential diagnosis for a patient presenting with acute polyarthritis (MusSkel4)
    2. Can list a differential diagnosis for a patient presenting with persistant polyarthritis. (MusSkel4)
• The patient with a hot swollen joint
  • Differential diagnosis
    1. Can list a differential diagnosis for a patient presenting with a hot swollen joint. (MusSkel4)
  • Snovial fluid assessment
    1. Can describe the diagnositic features of synovial fluid in the common rheumatological disorders (RA, OA, gout) as well infection (MusSkel4)
• The patient with myalgia
  • Approach to diagnosis
    1. Therapies for muscle disorders (GEP/M&P)
    2. Therapies for muscle disorders (LOC2)
    3. Can list a differential diagnosis for a patient presenting with myalgia (MusSkel4)
    4. Can list a differential diagnosis for a patient with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (MusSkel4)
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica
    1. Describe the clinical features, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (MusSkel4)
    2. Can describe how to diagnose and treat giant cell arteritis (MusSkel4)
• The patient with regional pain / soft tissue disease
  • General Topics
    1. Soft tissue injuries and the musculoskeletal system
  • Shoulder
    1. Can describe the features and treatment of frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tendinopathy, subacromial bursitis and biceps tendinopathy (MusSkel4)
  • Elbow
    1. Can describe the clinical features and treatment of lateral and medial epicondylitis, olecranon bursitis and ulnar berve entrapment (cubital tunnel syndrome) (MusSkel4)
  • Wrist & Hand
    1. Can describe the clinical features and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist ganglions, DeQuervain's tenosynovitis, Dupuytrens contracture, trigger finger (MusSkel4)
  • Hip
    1. Can describe the features and treatment of trochanteric bursitis, transient synovitis of the hip, OA of the hip (MusSkel4)
  • Knee
    1. Can describe the features and treatment of meniscal tears, anterior cruciate ligament tear, medial collateral ligament sprain, Osgood-Schlatters disease, iliotibial band syndrome, patellofemoral pain syndrome (MusSkel4)
  • Ankle & Foot
    1. Can describe the features and treatment of bunions, plantar fasciitis, achilles tendinitis and Mortons neuroma (MusSkel4)
• The patient with back pain
  • General Topics
    1. To describe and be aware of the common problems associated with the back
    2. Can describe the common causes of back pain (MusSkel4)
    3. Understands the concept of red and yellow flags (MusSkel4)
    4. Can identify the vertebrae from the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions; understand the joints connecting the adjacent vertebrae
    5. Can describe the difference between referred and radicular symptoms (MusSkel4)
    6. Can describe six red flag features and understand their diagnostic value (MusSkel4)
  • Disc disease
    1. Can describe the pathogenesis of an acute disc prolapse (MusSkel4)
    2. Can describe the features and predisposing causes of discitis (MusSkel4)
  • Cauda equina syndrome
    1. Can describe the clinical features and complications of the cauda equina syndrome (MusSkel4)
  • Spondylosis, spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis
    1. Describe the pathology, presentation, investigation and management of spondylosis (NEURO4)
    2. Describe the resuscitation and immediate management of patients suffering from injury to the spine (NEURO4)
    3. Knows the clinical and radiological features of spondylosis, spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis (MusSkel4)
• Rheumatoid arthritis
  • General outcomes
    1. Has a basic understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
    2. Rheumatoid arthritis, causes, pathology, symptoms and treatments (LOC2)
    3. To understand the pharmacology of the DMARDs for RA (LOC2)
    4. Rheumatoid arthritis, causes, pathology, symptoms and treatments
    5. To understand the new biological for RA (LOC2)
    6. Knows the pathophysiology, and clinical and radiological features of rheumatoid arthritis (MusSkel4)
    7. Knows about the use of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in RA (MusSkel4)
    8. Knows how to diagnose and treat a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (MusSkel4)
• Connective Tissue Diseases and Vasculitis
  • General
    1. Describe clinical features and diseases associations of Sjogrens syndrome (MusSkel4)
  • SLE
    1. Describe the autoantibodies commonly associated with the connective tissue disorders (MusSkel4)
    2. Discuss the clinical features, pathology and systemic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (MusSkel4)
    3. Can describe the clinical features and treatment of the anti-phospholipid syndrome (MusSkel4)
  • Scleroderma
    1. Can describe the clinical features and management of systemic sclerosis / scleroderma (MusSkel4)
  • Polymyositis
    1. Understands the clinical features, diagnosis and overall management of polymyositis and dermatomysoitis (MusSkel4)
  • Vasculitis
    1. Understand the classification of vasculitis (CR3)
    2. Understand the pathology of common vasculitis conditions (CR3)
    3. Understand the importance of anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) (CR3)
    4. Understand the signs and symptoms and pathology of Polyarteritis nodosa, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) and ANCA related vasculitis. (CR3)
    5. Give a differential diagnosis of conditions presenting like vasculitis (CR3)
    6. Can outline a simple classification of vasculitis (MusSkel4)
    7. Can list the clinical features and basic management of the major vasculitides (MusSkel4)
    8. Give an outline of a simple classification of vasculitis (CR3)
    9. Give an account of polyarteritis nodosa (CR3)
• Spondyloarthritis
  • General Topics
    1. Understands the association between genetic (HLA B27) and environmental factors in spondyloarthropathy (MusSkel4)
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
    1. Can describe the clinical and radiological features and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (MusSkel4)
  • Reactive arthritis
    1. Can describe the clinical features and treatment of reactive arthritis (MusSkel4)
  • Psoriatic arthritis
    1. Can describe the main patterns of joint disease in psoriatic arthritis and their radiological features (MusSkel4)
• Osteoarthritis
  • General Topics
    1. Be aware of the different types of Osteoarthritis and the known causes of these (LOC2)
    2. Knows the clinical features of osteoarthritis
    3. To understand the pharmacological treatments for OA (GEP/M&P)
    4. Osteoarthritis: causes, pathology, symptoms and treatments
    5. To understand the pharmacological treatments for OA (LOC2)
    6. To understand the alternative treatment options for OA (GEP/M&P)
    7. Can describe the pathology, clinical & radiological features and treatment of osteoarthritis (MusSkel4)
    8. To understand the alternative treatment options for OA (LOC2)
    9. Understand the pattern of joints affected in Osteoarthritis and why (LOC2)
    10. To understand surgical options for OA (GEP/M&P)
    11. To understand surgical options for OA (LOC2)
    12. Understand the process of degeneration of the cartilage that leads to Osteoarthritis (LOC2)
    13. Can describe the surgical approach to degenerative joint disease (MusSkel4)
• Crystal Arthropathies
  • General Topics
    1. List a differential diagnosis for a patient presenting with persistent pain in a single joint.
  • Gout
    1. Can list the causes and clinical features of gout (MusSkel4)
    2. Can differentiate between acute treatment and chronic prophylaxis of gout (MusSkel4)
    3. Can describe the microscopic features of synovial fluid in gout (MusSkel4)
  • Pseudogout
    1. Can describe the clinical and radiological features, and treatment, of calcium pyrophosphate arthropathy (pseudogout) (MusSkel4)
• Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease
  • Metabolic Bone Disease General
    1. Understands the causes of elevated and reduced serum calcium levels, the pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency, and the effects of parathyroid disorders on the musculoskeletal system (MusSkel4)
  • Osteoporosis
    1. Understands the pharmacology and use of the following medications for Osteoporosis: Biphosphonates - Alendronate; Vitamin D; Calcium; Hormone Replacement Therapy - Oestrogen; Testosterone; Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators (MusSkel4)
    2. Is able to identify risk factors for Osteoporosis and give appropriate prophylaxis (non-pharmacological and pharmacological) (MusSkel4)
    3. Can describe the pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment and complications of osteoporosis (MusSkel4)
  • Osteoporosis in Older People
  • Osteomalacia
    1. Describe the diagnostic laboratory and radiological investigation of osteomalacia
    2. Describe the diagnostic laboratory and radiological investigation of osteomalacia
    3. Can discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment and complications of osteomalacia (MusSkel4)
  • Disorders of Calcium Metabolism
  • Paget's Disease
    1. Understand the aetiology, clinical features, pathology and complications of Paget's disease of bone (MusSkel4)
  • Renal Osteodystrophy
    1. Describe the pathogenesis and mainfeatures of renal osteodystrophy and its management
• Chronic Widespread Pain
  • Fibromyalgia
    1. Can diagnose and treat a patient with chronic widespread pain / fibromyalgia (MusSkel4)
• Trauma, Fractures & Soft Tissue Injuries
  • General Outcomes
    1. To describe the different types of fractures (LOC2)
    2. To describe the common traumas seen that affect the muscuoskletal system and their complications and treatments. (LOC2)
    3. Common orthopaedic procedures and treatment options (LOC2)
    4. To describe the different types of fractures (GEP/M&P)
    5. To understand the different types of joint replacement available and the advantages and disadvantages of each
    6. Can describe a classification scheme for fractures (MusSkel4)
    7. To describe the main treatment options for dealing with bone fractures (GEP/M&P)
    8. To describe the main treatment options for dealing with bone fractures (LOC2)
    9. To understand the other orthopedic procedures that are available for joint and bone related problems
    10. To describe how bones repair themselves after a fracture (GEP/M&P)
    11. To describe how bones repair themselves after a fracture (LOC2)
    12. List local and general complications post orthopaedic surgery (MusSkel4)
  • Emergency conditions
    1. Can describe the causes, clinical features and management of compartment syndrome (any site), neurovascular injury (any site), septic arthritis, open fractures and cauda equina (MusSkel4)
  • Shoulder injuries
    1. Can describe the features and treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation, AC joint separation, clavicle fracture and biceps tendon rupture (MusSkel4)
  • Elbow injuries
    1. Can describe the clinical features and management of olecranon fracture, radial head fracture and dislocation (MusSkel4)
  • Ligament lesions
  • Wrist & hand injuries
    1. Can describe the features and management of distal radius fracture, scaphoid fracture, mtacarpal/phanageal fracture and tendon injuries (MusSkel4)
  • Hip injuries
    1. Can describe the features and management of fractured neck of femur and pubic ramus fracture (MusSkel4)
  • Knee injuries
    1. Can describe the features and management of meniscal tears, anterior cruciate ligament tear, medial collateral ligament sprain, patella fracture (MusSkel4)
  • Peronal palsy
  • Ankle injuries
    1. Can describe cfeatures and managment of ankle fractures, metatarsal stress fractures, Lisfranc injury and Achilles tendon rupture (MusSkel4)
• Infections of Bones and Joints
  • General topics
    1. Antimicrobial therapy (LOC2)
    2. Causative organisms leading to bone and joint sepsis (LOC2)
    3. Microbiological investigations (LOC2)
    4. Risk factors and pathogenesis of bone and joint infections (LOC2)
  • Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis
    1. Can outline the aetiology, pathology and sequelae of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis (MusSkel4)
    2. Understands how to investigate musculoskeletal infection and how to interpret the results including synovial fluid analysis (MusSkel4)
    3. Can describe the clinical features and management of bone and joint infections (MusSkel4)
  • Septic arthritis
  • Tuberculosis
• Bone tumours / Malignancy
  • General topics
    1. Can describe the diagnosis and management of the more common benign and malignant bone tumours (MusSkel4)
    2. Understand the diagnosis and management of other malignant conditions, such as myeloma and other haematological conditions, that can affect the musculoskeletal system (MusSkel4)
• Paediatric Joint Diseases
  • General Topics
    1. Understand the different age presentations of the three childhood hip conditions (MusSkel4)
    2. To be aware of paediatric orthopaedic conditions and common treatment options
    3. Can describe the clincal features and management of the common paediatric orthopaedic disorders (DDH, CTEV, Perthe's disease, SUFE) (MusSkel4)
    4. Understand the development and management of paediatric conditions and how to recognise them on radiographs. (LOC2)
  • Dysplasia of the hip
  • Perthes disease and slipped upper femoral epiphysis
  • Talipes
  • Bone and catilage disorders
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