Specialties

• WHOLE PERSON
  • The Whole Person
  • The Medical Patient
  • The Surgical Patient
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• CARDIORESPIRATORY
  • Cardiovascular System
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• METABOLISM
  • Gastrointestinal System
  • Renal and Urinary System
  • Endocrine System
• HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
  • Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • Child Health
  • Sexual Health and HIV
• BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
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• LOCOMOTOR
  • Musculoskeletal System
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  • Dermatology

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Index

• General Outcomes for Obstetrics and Gynaecology
• Menstrual Disorders
• Puberty
• Contraception
• Fertility and Infertility
• Antenatal Care and Fetal Screening
• Pregnancy
• Fetal development
• Labour and Delivery
• Puerperium and Lactation
• The Menopause (inc. HRT)
• Gynaecological Oncology
• Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
• Sexually Transmitted Infections and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Therapeutics in O&G
• Ovarian Disorders
• Uterine Disorders
• Vulval Disorders

• General Outcomes for Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • Medical knowledge: ANATOMY (TD 8.1)
    • Female Pelvis and Reproductive System
      1. Describe the anatomy of the vagina and cervix and their clinical examination
      2. Describe the anatomy of the pelvic floor. (GEP/HD, HD2)
      3. Describe the blood supply to the uterus. (GEP/HD, HD2)
      4. Relate the nerve supply of the female pelvis and perineum to methods of anaesthesia. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    • Circulation of the Pelvis
      1. Describe the anatomy of the pelvic floor. (GEP/HD, HD2)
      2. Explain the anatomical relations of the uterus and the ovaries. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    • Bones, Muscles and Ligaments of the Pelvis
      1. Describe the anatomy of the pelvic floor. (GEP/HD, HD2)
      2. Explain the anatomical relations of the uterus and the ovaries. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    • Pelvic Viscera and Perineum
      1. Describe the anatomy of the pelvic floor. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    • Surface Anatomy of the Pelvis
      1. Describe the anatomy of the pelvic floor. (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY (TD 8.2)
    • General Outcomes for Physiology
      1. Describe the origins of steroids, prostaglandins and glycoproteins. (HD1)
      2. Understand the principal mechanisms of steroids, prostaglandins and glycoproteins in normal human development.
      3. Explain the normal ovarian cycle (HD1)
      4. Identify the major molecular groups involved in human development.
      5. Indicate how there is maternal recognition of pregnancy. (HD1)
      6. Identify the hormones released during the ovarian cycle and explain how they act on the endometrium. (HD1)
      7. Understand the normal process of ovulation. (HD1)
      8. Summarise the important features of implantation and placentation. (HD1)
    • The Hormones of Reproduction
      1. Carry out analyses, present and interpret findings
  • Clinical skills: HISTORY (TD 13 a-b)
    • O&G Examination
      1. Describe the anatomy of the vagina and cervix and their clinical examination
  • Clinical skills: PLANNING AND INTERPRETING INVESTIGATIONS (TD 14 c-d)
    • Sexual Health Investigations
      1. Be able to take microbiological and virological swabs from ano-genital sites which are appropriate to the patient's symptoms and risk factors, and which are appropriate to the medical setting (general practice, A&E, the ward, outpatient clinics)
  • Clinical skills: SURGERY and ANAESTHETICS (TD 14 g)
    • General Surgical Outcomes
      1. Describe the anatomy of the pelvic floor. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    • Anaesthesia: Local Anaesthetics
      1. Relate the nerve supply of the female pelvis and perineum to methods of anaesthesia. (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Clinical skills: PRESCRIBING DRUGS SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY (TD 17 a-h)
    • Pain Relief
      1. Relate the nerve supply of the female pelvis and perineum to methods of anaesthesia. (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Professional issues: ETHICS and LAW (TD 20 a-g)
    • Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
      1. Discuss conflicting opinions on the justification for the generation and use of human embryos for research ()
      2. Identify ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos for research and treatment ()
      3. Consider the religious views of patients who seek IVF and other fertility treatments ()
      4. Access the new embryo ethics teaching website and give feedback on its utility ()
    • Research Ethics
      1. Discuss conflicting opinions on the justification for the generation and use of human embryos for research ()
      2. Identify ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos for research and treatment ()
• Menstrual Disorders
  • General Outcomes for Menstrual Disorders
• Puberty
  • General outcomes for puberty
• Contraception
  • General Outcomes for Contraception
    1. To explain principles of safer sex and risk reduction and be able to demonstrate correct condom technique
    2. Be able to distinguish between the following terms and conditions: Rhythm method; Spermacide; Barrier method; Intra-uterine device (IUD)
    3. Be able to discuss the pros and cons of commonly used methods of family planning with a patient
    4. List the reasons for high teenage pregnancy rates or rises in STI prevalence (I&I 4)
    5. Be able to obtain a contraceptive and reproductive health history to assess contraceptive need and to discuss contraceptive choices to enable patients to make informed decisions on those choices (I&I 4)
    6. Demonstrate correct condom technique (I&I 4)
    7. Understand and be able to explain the principles of Fraser Competency for under 16s and vulnerable young people and adults (I&I 4)
• Fertility and Infertility
  • General Outcomes for Fertility, Implantation and Infertililty
    1. Be able to discuss the pros and cons of commonly used methods of family planning with a patient
    2. Understand the biological basis for assisted reproductive technologies and embryo development ()
    3. Identify the main causes of infertility (GEP/HD)
    4. Describe what investigations can be performed to establish the causes of infertility (GEP/HD)
    5. Summarise the legal framework of IVF and embryo research in the UK ()
    6. Describe the essential ingredients for fertilisation (GEP/HD, HD1)
    7. Explain the biological principles involved in the two learning outcomes above (GEP/HD, HD2)
    8. Summarise the important features of implantation and placentation
    9. Explain the normal processes which occur from fertilisation to implantation (GEP/HD, HD1)
    10. Indicate how there is maternal recognition of pregnancy
    11. Understand special concerns and considerations around sub-fertility and referral opportunities (GP5)
• Antenatal Care and Fetal Screening
  • General Outcomes for Antenatal Care and Fetal Screening
• Pregnancy
  • General Outcomes for Pregnancy
    1. Describe implantation and development of the placenta and establishment of feto-maternal circulation. (GEP/HD)
    2. Describe the physiological changes in pregnancy, with particular reference to maternal cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological and endocrine systems. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    3. Describe implantation and development of the placenta and establishment of the feto-maternal circulation
    4. Be able to describe the physiology of pregnancy and the associated physical changes
    5. Describe the physiological changes in pregnancy with particular reference to maternal cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological and endocrine systems
    6. 6. Outline the role of the main glycoproteins involved in reproductive physiology including maternal recognition and maintainance of pregnancy
    7. Be able to perform and interpret near patient pregnancy testing
    8. To understand factors which lead to unwanted pregnancy
    9. Explain the function of the placenta in supporting fetal development (HD1)
    10. Explain the function of the placenta in supporting fetal development (GEP/HD)
    11. Explain the changes to the cervix in pregnancy
    12. Understand maternal recognition of pregnancy (GEP/HD, HD1)
    13. Describe the different sites of placentation
    14. Describe the different sites of placentation
  • Multiple Pregnancy
  • Antenatal care and screenings for maternal and fetal problems
  • Bleeding in Early Pregnancy
  • Medical Disorders of Pregnancy
    1. List the viruses and other organisms that can harm a pregnancy (GEP/HD)
    2. Describe the effect of the following complications upon the mother and the fetus: hypertension/PET; miscarriage; placenta praevia/abruption; ectopic pregnancy; twins; trophoblastic disease
    3. Discuss the pathogenesis and presentation of diabetes, anaemia and non-viral infections in pregnancy (GEP/HD, HD2)
    4. Describe the effect of these complications on the mother and the fetus (GEP/HD, HD2)
    5. Discuss the management of the following complications of pregnancy: diabetes, anaemia, non-viral infections
    6. Discuss the management of these complications (GEP/HD, HD2)
    7. Describe the effect of these complications on the mother and the fetus (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Termination of Pregnancy
• Fetal development
  • General Outcomes for fetal development
    1. Describe the main fetal abnormalities resulting from each of these infections (GEP/HD)
    2. Discuss the ethical issues raised by such infections (GEP/HD)
    3. Highlights of week 5, to include the growth of the head and heart and kidneys. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    4. Highlights of week 6, to include, progress of the development of the limbs and heart and start of spontaneous movements. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    5. Highlights of week 7, to include the importance of cell death to shape the limbs and face and the growth and development of the gut. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    6. Highlights of week 8, to include bone formation and more of the development of the gut. (GEP/HD, HD1)
• Labour and Delivery
  • General Outcomes for Labour and Delivery
    1. Define the stages of labour (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Describe the signs of labour
    3. List the main problems associated with placentation, placentation sites and placental development: a) miscarriage b) ectopic c) trophoblastic disease d) hypertension/PET e) placental praevia/abruption (GEP/HD, HD2)
    4. 3. Describe the stages of normal labour resulting in the delivery of the fetus and placenta.
    5. Describe the signs of labour. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    6. Explain the physiological processes involved in parturition. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    7. Explain the physiological changes prior to parturition. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    8. Describe the stages of normal labour resulting in the delivery of the fetus and placenta. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    9. Explain the effect on perinatal mortality and morbidity (GEP/HD, HD2)
    10. Describe the anatomy relevant to childbirth and Caesarian sections
    11. Explain the consequences of injury to the pelvic floor during childbirth
  • Complications of Labour and Delivery
    1. Discuss the complications of Stage 1 - failed induction, primary and secondary arrest, fetal distress (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Discuss the complications of Stage 2 - failure to progress, maternal and fetal distress, operative delivery and uterine rupture (GEP/HD, HD2)
    3. Explain methods available to avoid perinatal loss (GEP/HD, HD2)
    4. Discuss the complications of Stage 3: post-partum haemorrhage, uterine inversion, amniotic fluid embolism (GEP/HD, HD2)
    5. Discuss the pharmacology relevant to the complications of labour (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Stillbirth and Perinatal Loss
    1. Define perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Discuss the main causes of mortality in the perinatal, neonatal and infancy periods. (GEP/HD, HD2)
• Puerperium and Lactation
  • General Outcomes for Puerperium and Lactation
    1. 3. Describe the nature and control of processes associated with lactation.
    2. Demonstrate the normal physiological and anatomical changes associated with the puerperium. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    3. Describe the establishment of breast feeding, and its physiological and anatomical advantages to the mother and infant. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    4. Describe the physiological changes in preparation for lactation (GEP/HD, HD1)
    5. Describe the physiological changes in preparation for lactation
    6. Understand factors preventing the establishment of breast-feeding (GEP/HD, HD1)
    7. Understand factors preventing the establishment of breast feeding
  • Maternal Post-partum Disorders
    1. Explain the main risks and problems associated with the puerperium (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Describe the definition, aetiology, investigation and management of post-partum haemorrhage (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Breast Feeding - General
• The Menopause (inc. HRT)
  • General Outcomes for the Menopause and HRT
    1. 7. Understand the changes in levels of the main glycoproteins at the menopause
    2. 1. Describe the normal physiological and anatomical changes at the menopause.
    3. Describe the normal physiological and anatomical changes at the menopause. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    4. Describe what investigations can be performed to diagnose the menopause. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    5. Outline the options available to treat the symptoms of the menopause
    6. Outline the options available to treat the symptoms of the menopause. (GEP/HD, HD1)
• Gynaecological Oncology
  • General Outcomes for Gynaecological Cancer
    1. Describe various malignancies of the breast and female reproductive tract, and their incidence
    2. Discuss the principles of screening for and prevention of malignancies of the cervix, breast and ovary
    3. Explain the aetiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, presenting symptoms, main investigative procedures employed and prognosis of, the various cancers
    4. Explain the broad principles of the management of the more common malignancies in women (breast, cervix, endometrium and ovaries)
  • Screening for Gynaecological Cancer
  • Ovarian Cancer
  • Endometrial Cancer
  • Cervical Cancer
  • Vulval Carcinoma
• Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
  • General Outcomes for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
    1. Describe the anatomy of the pelvic floor. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Outline the anatomy of the perineum. (GEP/HD, HD2)
• Sexually Transmitted Infections and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • General Outcomes for Pelvic Pain and Infection
    1. Discuss the main features of sexually transmitted infections including aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment of: HIV; genital warts; chlamydia; gonorrhoea; herpes; syphilis (GEP/HD)
    2. Understand the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
    3. Understand the relationship between STIs and pregnancy
    4. Understand the relationship between STIs and fertility
    5. Understand the relationship between HIV and pregnancy, and principle of management of HIV before, during and after pregnancy
    6. List of differential diagnosis of pelvic pain in women - gynaecological, non-gynaecological, psychological and psychosexual
    7. Management of common causes of gynaecological pelvic pain - endometriosis, pelvic infection, fibroids and ovarian pathology
    8. Strategies for management of unexplained chronic pelvic pain
• Therapeutics in O&G
  • General outcomes for therapeutics in obstetrics
    1. Describe protective measures taken to prevent them and the treatment options available (GEP/HD)
    2. Discuss the pharmacology relevant to the complications of labour (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • General outcomes for therapeutics in gynaecology
• Ovarian Disorders
  • General Outcomes for Ovarian Disorders
• Uterine Disorders
  • General Outcomes for Uterine Disorders
• Vulval Disorders
  • General Outcomes for vulval disorders
    1. Commonly presenting Vulval symptoms e.g. itching, pain, soarness, dyspareunia and their causes
    2. Dermatological conditions affecting the vulva e.g. lichen disorders, and other dermatoses
    3. Neoplastic conditions (benign and malignant) affecting the vulva
    4. Vulval Pain Syndrome

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