Specialties

• WHOLE PERSON
  • The Whole Person
  • The Medical Patient
  • The Surgical Patient
  • The Community Patient
• CARDIORESPIRATORY
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Respiratory System
  • Haematology
• METABOLISM
  • Gastrointestinal System
  • Renal and Urinary System
  • Endocrine System
• HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
  • Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • Child Health
  • Sexual Health and HIV
• BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Ophthalmology
  • Head and Neck (ENT)
• LOCOMOTOR
  • Musculoskeletal System
  • Health Care of the Elderly
  • Dermatology

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Child Health

Index

• General Outcomes for Child Health
• Infection and Allergy in Childhood
• Neonatal Disorders - General
• Childhood Emergencies
• Cardio-Vascular Disorders in Childhood
• Respiratory Disorders
• Neurological Disorders and Disability in Childhood
• Haematological Disorders
• Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders in Childhood
• Disorders of the Endocrine System
• Psychiatric / Psychological Problems in Childhood
• Congenital and Genetic Abnormalities
• Child Protection, Health Promotion and Social Paediatrics

• General Outcomes for Child Health
  • Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY (TD 8.2)
    • Adaptation of Fetus to Neonate - General
      1. Understand the processes whereby a fetus makes the transition from being dependent on the placenta to being able to live independently
      2. Understand the processes whereby a fetus makes the transition from being dependent on the placenta to being able to live independently (GEP/HD, HD1)
    • Developmental Issues
      1. Understand psychological development during adolescence.
  • Medical knowledge: PATHOLOGY (TD 8.7)
    • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
      1. List the common causes of death in infancy and childhood (GEP/HD, HD2)
      2. Discuss the difference between unexpected death in infancy and sudden infant death (SIDS) (GEP/HD, HD2)
      3. Explain the reasons for doing a post mortem in cases of unexpected death in infancy (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Medical knowledge: NUTRITION (TD 8.11)
    • General Outcomes for Nutrition
      1. Recognise the major nutrient and vitamin requirements during infancy and childhood
      2. Be able to design appropriate diets for infants of different ages
      3. Demonstrate how to make up infant feeds
  • Medical knowledge: CLINICAL FEATURES of DISEASE (TD 8 b)
    • General Outcomes for Childhood Diseases
      1. Describe how children with a disability may present (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Medical knowledge: SOCIOLOGY (TD 10 a-e)
    • Chronic Illness and Disability
      1. Discuss the implications for the family of having a child with a disability (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Medical knowledge: EPIDEMIOLOGY
    • Mortality and Morbidity
      1. Define perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality. (GEP/HD, HD2)
      2. Discuss the main causes of mortality in the perinatal, neonatal and infancy periods. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    • Infant and Childhood Death (inc. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
      1. Discuss the epidemiology and risk factors of sudden infant death (SIDS) (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Medical knowledge: PSYCHOLOGY (TD 9 a-g)
    • Normal Behaviour and Emotional Development
      1. Describe those characteristics of the infant, child and adolescent which can be considered as normal behaviour. (GEP/HD, HD1)
      2. Understanding of the importance of distinguishing the different stages of development. (GEP/HD, HD1)
      3. Understand psychological development during adolescence. (GEP/HD, HD1)
      4. Understand sexual behaviour during adolescence. (GEP/HD, HD1)
    • Development of Abilities in Children
      1. Understand the progress of motor and sensory development in childhood and its neurological basis. (GEP/HD, HD1)
      2. Describe the growth of cognitive abilities in children
  • Clinical skills: HISTORY (TD 13 a-b)
    • Examination of the Newborn
      1. Know the normal values of weight, length and head circumference of an infant and plot these measurements on a centile chart
      2. Have an understanding of the aims of routine examination of the newborn
      3. Have knowledge of the normal values for weight, length and occipital frontal circumference (OFC)
      4. Have an understanding of the method of physical examination of the newborn
      5. Have an understanding of the assessment of maturity of the newborn
      6. Have an understanding of differences in baby sizes at birth
    • Examination of Children
      1. Describe how children with a disability are assessed (GEP/HD, HD2)
      2. Understand the use of centile charts in assessing child growth
      3. Discuss the importance and the skills used when exploring psychological and physical symptoms
  • Clinical skills: FORMULATING A TREATMENT PLAN (TD 14 g)
    • Perinatal and Childhood Death
      1. Explain methods available to avoid perinatal loss (GEP/HD, HD2)
    • Management of Disorders in Children
      1. Discuss the difference between a lesion, impairment, disability and handicap (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Clinical skills: INTERACTION WITH PATIENTS (TD 15 a-b)
    • Communicating with Children
      1. List reasons why children need to be included at every stage of the consultation
      2. Define relevant skills to use when talking with children
  • Clinical skills: MANAGING INFORMATION (TD 15 c)
    • Keeping Patient Records and Notes
      1. Understand the main uses of the personal child health record
• Infection and Allergy in Childhood
  • Allergy and Immune Disease in Childhood
  • Infections in Childhood
• Neonatal Disorders - General
  • General Topics
    1. Describe the pathology and pathophysiology of: hyaline membrane disease; necrotising enterocolitis; intraventricular haemorrhage; ischaemic brain damage
    2. Describe the pathology and pathophysiology of: hyaline membrane disease; necrotising enterocolitis; intraventricular haemorrhage; ischaemic brain damage; hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (GEP/HD)
    3. Discuss the problem of talking to anxious parents (GEP/HD)
  • Normal Newborn and Feeding
  • Jaundice of the Newborn
  • Premature Birth and Low Birthweight
    1. List the main problems associated with being born prematurely, with reference to its effect on organ development, particularly with regard to respiratory, brain and gastrointestinal problems. (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Discuss the outlook for low birth weight babies and identify some of the ethical issues
    3. Discuss the potential nutritional consequences of being a low birth-weight baby, and ways to deal with them (GEP/HD, HD2)
    4. Discuss the psycho-social effects of a premature birth (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Surgical Problems in the Neonate
  • Birth Asphyxia
• Childhood Emergencies
  • Childhood Emergencies - General
    1. Understand the recognition and management of acute exacerbations of chronic disease
  • Resuscitation of Children
• Cardio-Vascular Disorders in Childhood
  • Cardio-Vascular Disorders in Childhood - General
  • Congenital Heart Disease
    1. Describe the basic embryology of congenital heart disease (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Explain the mechanisms by which the common forms of cyanotic heart disease produce cyanosis (GEP/HD, HD2)
• Respiratory Disorders
  • General Outcomes for Childhood Respiratory Disorders
    1. Describe the physiological mechanisms for wheeze in young children (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Asthma in Childhood
    1. Discuss the environmental factors that increase the vulnerability of young children to develop wheeze (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Describe the pharmacological rationale for the treatment of pre-school wheeze (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Respiratory Infections in Children
• Neurological Disorders and Disability in Childhood
  • Developmental Disorders and Disability in Childhood
  • Neurological Disorders of Childhood - General
  • Epilepsy in Childhood
  • Cerebral Palsy
• Haematological Disorders
  • Haematological Disorders of Childhood - General
  • Anaemia in Childhood
  • Haemoglobinopathies - General (exc. Sickle Cell)
  • Sickle Cell Disease in Childhood - General
  • Haematological Malignancies in Childhood - General
• Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • General Outcomes for Childhood Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • Acute Abdomen in Children
    1. Know the common surgical problems throughout childhood: both acute and chronic; recognition, management, and prognosis; preparing a child and family for the operating theatre
  • Coeliac Disease
  • Nutritional and Feeding Problems in Childhood
• Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders in Childhood
  • Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders in Childhood - General
• Disorders of the Endocrine System
  • Endocrine Disorders - General
  • Endocrine Disorders of Development and Growth
    1. Briefly outline the patterns of disease noted in human development and diseases of premature ageing (HD1)
    2. List the factors regulating growth
    3. Explain the techniques of measuring children of all ages, and be able to plot and interpret measurements on growth charts
    4. Take a history to determine the relevant features which may contribute to a diagnosis of short stature
    5. Explain the relationship between growth and puberty
    6. List the causes of short stature and devise a programme of investigations to elucidate the cause
  • Puberty and Pubertal Problems
    • Puberty and Disorders of Puberty - General
      1. Know the physiology of the Hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis
      2. Explain the relationship between growth and puberty
• Psychiatric / Psychological Problems in Childhood
  • Psychiatric / Psychological Problems in Childhood - General
    1. Understand the common disorders seen in child mental health clinics, in particular: a) autism b) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) c) anxiety and depression d) psychosis e) behavioural problems (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. List disorders seen in child mental health clinics and identify which of them are common
    3. Be able to recognise the child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder
    4. Describe the important features of different disorders of child mental health (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Behavioural Problems in Childhood - General
    1. Understand that many childhood presenting complaints have no organic basis and to be able to confidently and confidentially explore these areas with the family
    2. Describe observed behaviours clearly
    3. Understand the common disorders seen in child mental health clinics, in particular: a) autism b) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) c) anxiety and depression d) psychosis e) behavioural problems (GEP/HD, HD2)
    4. Know the presentation and clinical signs of behavioural problems of early childhood
    5. Know the multidiciplinary management of Behavioural problems of early childhood
    6. Be able to describe observed behaviours clearly in a confident manner
    7. Know the presentation, clinical signs and multidiciplinary management of ADHD
    8. Explain how normal development and behaviour inform decisions about whether observed behaviours are inappropriate
    9. Discuss the wider context which needs to be considered when assessing behaviour and mental health problems
• Congenital and Genetic Abnormalities
  • General Outcomes for Congenital and Genetic Abnormalities
    1. Describe the breadth of inherited conditions (GEP/HD, HD2)
    2. Explain how candidate genes may be selected, both on the basis of their position and function (GEP/HD, HD2)
    3. Explain how you could establish whether or not a mutation is pathogenic (GEP/HD)
    4. Discuss the implications for the families affected by a genetic disorder (GEP/HD, HD2)
    5. Take an accurate family history and present the results as an informative pedigree (GEP/HD, HD2)
  • Down's Syndrome
• Child Protection, Health Promotion and Social Paediatrics
  • Child and Society
  • Immunisation
  • Child Protection

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