Modules
- Year 1
- Year 2
- Introduction to Year 2 and Year Outcomes
- Cardiorespiratory 2
- Metabolism 2
- Brain and Behaviour 2
- Human Development 2
- Human Sciences and Public Health 2
- Locomotor 2
- Cancer Week
- Moving and Handling Training
- Year 2 Lifesaver Programme
- Clinical Communication Skills
- Medicine in Society 2
- Extended Patient Contact
- Student Selected Component (SSC)
- Year 3
- Introduction to Year 3 and Year Outcomes
- Clinical Science and Professionalism (Weeks 1-3)
- Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Haematology (CR3)
- Gastroenterology and Cancer (MET3A)
- Public Health
- Endocrinology and Renal Medicine (MET3B)
- General Practice and Community Care
- Student Selected Component (SSC)
- Clinical and Communication Skills
- Year 4
- Introduction and Year 4 Outcomes
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Child Health
- HIV & Sexual Health
- Musculoskeletal
- Health Care of the Elderly
- Neuroscience
- Dermatology
- General Practice and Community Care
- Psychiatry
- Ear, Nose and Throat
- Global Health and Ethics
- Ophthalmology
- Clinical & Communication Skills
- Student Selected Component (SSC)
- Year 5
- Introduction to Year 5 and Year Outcomes
- Teaching Week 1
- Teaching Week 2
- Anaesthesia & ITU (AN & ITU)
- Breaking Bad News
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Community Care
- Doctors as Teachers and Educators (DATE)
- Emergency Medicine (EMERG MED)
- General (Internal) Medicine (G(I)M)
- Immediate Life Support (ILS)
- Student Assistantship
- Simulation
- Surgery
- Student Selected Component (SSC)
- Year GEP 1
Year GEP 1 GEP/HD: Human Development
- Dr Anne Hills
- a.hills@qmul.ac.uk
Introduction
During this module you will be introduced to most aspects of normal and variations from normal human development from conception and fertilisation through to old age from a scientific, developmental and psychological viewpoint.
The course aims to ensure familiarity with the following aspects of human development:
1. The basic structure and anatomy of the pelvic region.
2. The events of embryonic development.
3. The changes that occur at puberty.
4. The factors that allow for fertilisation, implantation and normal pregnancy.
5. The process of birth and the physiological changes that occur in the baby.
6. The factors that can cause problems with conception, fetal wellbeing,
pregnancy and labour, and their mechanisms of action.
7. Normal growth and development before and after birth and mechanisms
for preventing disease.
8. Breast and bottle feeding.
9. The function of the various agencies that work with children, both
statutory and voluntary.
10. The normal social, cognitive, language and emotional development of childhood and adolescence.
11. The deviations from normal cognitive, language and emotional development of childhood and adolescence, and to identify children with developmental delay.
12. Contraception and the control of fertility.
13. The physiological and psychological changes that occur as a result of ageing.
14. The medical, legal and ethical aspects of caring for children, and the range of services on offer.
15. The major causes of mortality and morbidity at different ages in childhood.
16. Health issues throughout the life course.
Sessions
- LECTURE Intro to HD
- Lecture: The Pelvic Viscera and Perineum
- Lecture: Spermatogenesis and fertilization
- Lecture: Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles
Teaching Material for this Session
- Explain the normal ovarian cycle.
- Identify the hormones released during the ovarian cycle and explain how they act on the endometrium.
- Understand the normal process of ovulation.
- Explain the endocrinology and physiology of the menstrual cycle
- Outline how normal menstrual function is related to conception
- Understand that ovarian and menstrual cycles are closely linked.
- Lecture: Fertilisation and Implantation
- Lecture: Implantation and placental function
- Lecture: Labour and Delivery
- Lecture: Congenital Defects
- Lecture: Physiological Adaptation – from fetus to neonate
Teaching Material for this Session
- Understand the processes whereby a fetus makes the transition from being dependent on the placenta to being able to live independently
- Understand the circulatory changes at birth and the neonatal transitional circulation
- Understand the changes in pulmonary physiology at birth
- Describe the basic metabolic adaptations which take place in the neonate
- Lecture: The Puerperium and Breast-feeding
- Lecture: Immune Function in the Fetus and Infancy
- Lecture: Development of Abilities in Children
Teaching Material for this Session
- Understand the progress of motor and sensory development in childhood and its neurological basis.
- Describe the progress of language development in infancy and childhood.
- Describe the growth of cognitive abilities in childhood.
- Understand the methods by which development may be objectively assessed in young children
- Lecture: Normal Behavioural and Emotional Development in Childhood
Teaching Material for this Session
- Describe those characteristics of the infant, child and adolescent which can be considered as normal behaviour.
- Understanding of the importance of distinguishing the different stages of development.
- Understand psychological development during adolescence.
- Understand sexual behaviour during adolescence.
- Lecture: Immunisation
Teaching Material for this Session
- Indicate the development of the immune system, including the function of lymphocytes.
- Recognise the normal immunisation programme.
- Understand the dangers to the individual and the herd of not immunizing.
- Explain the immunological processes enabling protection against disease to take place.
- Relate experience in the UK to worldwide programmes of protection.
- Lecture: Fundamental Mechanisms in Human Growth and Puberty
Teaching Material for this Session
- Describe the regulation of normal growth
- Understand the normal physiological and anatomical changes at puberty
- Identify the stages of puberty in boys and girls
- Understand the relationships between growth and the onset of puberty
- Understand the techniques of measuring children of all ages and be able to plot and interpret measurements on a growth chart
- Understand the biological features influencing normal growth patterns
- Lecture: Ethical and Legal Aspects of Fetal Life, Childhood and Ageing
- Lecture: Anatomy of the Pelvis
- Lecture: Contraception
- Lecture: The Menopause
- Lecture: Fertility
- Lecture: Medical problems of pregnancy
- Lecture: The effects of infections in pregnancy
- Lecture: Maternal post-partum problems
Teaching Material for this Session
- Explain the main risks and problems associated with the puerperium
- Describe the definition, aetiology, investigation and management of post-partum haemorrhage
- Describe the aetiology, investigation and management of pregnancy-associated thromboembolism
- Describe the aetiology, investigation and management of psychiatric problems in the puerperium
- Lecture: Bacterial, fungal & protozoal infections in childhood
Teaching Material for this Session
- Understand why children develop a different spectrum of bacterial, fungal & protozoal diseases to adults (host immune immaturity, routes of infection, physical factors, eg shorter airway, thinner skin).
- Know the common bacterial, fungal & protozoal infections in childhood (eg, septicaemia, meningitis, meningococcal disease, pneumonia, epiglottitis, diphtheria, otitis media, conjunctivitis, UTI, tetanus, candida infection, malaria & TB).
- Understand why infection may have non-specific symptoms and progress more rapidly in children.
- Know the signs and symptoms of specific bacterial, fungal & protozoal infections in childhood (including the definition of fever).
- Understand childhood-specific treatment issues for bacterial, fungal & protozoal infections.
- Lecture: Applied anatomy of the female reproductive system
- Lecture: Placental problems in pregnancy
Teaching Material for this Session
- List the main problems associated with placentation, placentation sites and placental development: a) miscarriage b) ectopic c) trophoblastic disease d) hypertension/PET e) placental praevia/abruption
- Explain the effect on perinatal mortality and morbidity
- Describe the effect of these complications on the mother and the fetus
- Lecture: Physiology of Pregnancy
- Lecture: Complications of labour
Teaching Material for this Session
- Define the stages of labour
- Discuss the complications of Stage 1 - failed induction, primary and secondary arrest, fetal distress
- Discuss the complications of Stage 2 - failure to progress, maternal and fetal distress, operative delivery and uterine rupture
- Discuss the complications of Stage 3: post-partum haemorrhage, uterine inversion, amniotic fluid embolism
- Discuss the pharmacology relevant to the complications of labour
- Lecture: Viral infections in childhood
Teaching Material for this Session
- Understand why children develop a different spectrum of viral disease to adults (primary infection, host immune immaturity, routes of infection, physical factors, eg airway resistance, social factors).
- Know the common viral infections in childhood (eg, bronchiolitis, gastroenteritis, URTI, measles, rubella, polio, chicken pox, herpes & molluscum contagiosum).
- Understand why viral infections may produce more severe symptoms in children.
- Know the signs and symptoms of specific viral infections in childhood.
- Understand childhood-specific treatment issues for viral infections.
- Lecture: Illness in the full term baby
Teaching Material for this Session
- Describe the most common serious problems of the newborn, including perinatal asphyxia, serious infection, septicaemia and jaundice.
- Describe the clinical features and the scientific basis of the treatment of these conditions, including therapeutic hypothermia, antibiotics and phototherapy.
- Discuss the problem of talking to anxious parents
- Lecture: Congenital heart disease and other abnormalities
Teaching Material for this Session
- Describe the basic embryology of congenital heart disease
- Explain the mechanisms by which the common forms of cyanotic heart disease produce cyanosis
- Explain the circulatory pathophysiology of common forms of acyanotic congenital heart disease
- Describe the way in which circulatory changes at birth may contribute to the delayed presentation of congenital heart disease, with particular reference to the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale.
- Discuss the links between abnormal structure and function in the major non-cardiac malformations (particularly neural tube defect, gastroschisis, cleft lip and palate)
- Outline the implications of lethal versus treatable congenital conditions.
- Lecture: Perinatal and Childhood Mortality
- Lecture: Problems of Low Birth Weight and Prematurity
Teaching Material for this Session
- Understand the contribution of prematurity and fetal growth restriction as causes of low birth weight (LBW)
- Know the definitions of LBW, very low birth weight (VLBW), prematurity and their effects on survival
- List the main problems associated with being born prematurely, with reference to its effect on organ development, particularly with regard to respiratory, brain and gastrointestinal problems.
- Describe the mechanisms of temperature control in low birth-weight babies
- Discuss the potential nutritional consequences of being a low birth-weight baby, and ways to deal with them
- Discuss the outlook for low birth-weight babies, and identify some of the ethical issues in dealing with sick low birth-weight babies
- Discuss the psycho-social effects of a premature birth
- Lecture: Child protection
- Lecture: Common Child Psychiatric Disorders
- Lecture: Why Do Infants Wheeze?
Teaching Material for this Session
- Describe the physiological mechanisms for wheeze in young children
- Evaluate the epidemiological studies of pre-school wheeze and the concept of asthma phenotypes
- Discuss the environmental factors that increase the vulnerability of young children to develop wheeze
- Describe the pharmacological rationale for the treatment of pre-school wheeze
- Lecture: Problems of the Male Reproductive System
- Lecture: Gastrointestinal Disorders in Childhood
- Lecture: Developmental Delay and Childhood Disability
- Describe how children with a disability may present
- Describe how children with a disability are assessed
- Discuss the implications for the family of having a child with a disability
- Discuss the difference between a lesion, impairment, disability and handicap
- Define the major causes of childhood disability, including cerebral palsy and trisomy 21.
- Lecture: Endocrine disorders of development and growth
Teaching Material for this Session
- Understand that failure of growth has many causes
- Understand that delayed puberty may result from delayed growth
- Understand the various endocrine causes of failure of growth including GH deficiency and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Understand the various endocrine causes of delayed puberty including Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Kallman syndrome and androgen insensitivity.
- Lecture: Investigating a genetic disorder in childhood
- Describe the role of the clinical geneticist
- Describe the breadth of inherited conditions
- Explain the basic principles of genetic linkage analysis.
- Explain how candidate genes may be selected, both on the basis of their position and function
- Describe the different types of genetic markers that can be used in this analysis and how they are detected
- Explain how you could establish whether or not a mutation is pathogenic
- Discuss the implications for the families affected by a genetic disorder
- Take an accurate family history and present the results as an informative pedigree
- Lecture: Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Lecture: Health Across the Life Course
- Lecture: The Development and Sexual Differentiation of the Reproductive System
Teaching Material for this Session
- Outline the development of the reproductive system
- Describe the descent of the testes and the development of the inguinal canal
- Understand the structure of the pelvic viscera in the male
- Understand the structure of female reproductive organs
- Understand the descent of the ureters through the pelvis and the position of the bladder and urethra in the male and female
- Lecture: Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
Teaching Material for this Session
- Define stem cells
- List the sources of stem cells and explain their differences.
- Outline biological regulation of stem cells
- Describe ethical, moral and legal issues surrounding stem cell research
- Describe potential clinical applications for stem cells, including the challenges that must be overcome.
- Understand how stem cells can be use in a research laboratory to study disease.
- Lecture: Cellular Aspects of Ageing
- Lecture: Embryology: Major Organ System Development
Teaching Material for this Session
- Understand the difference between embryonic and fetal periods of development and the clinical significance to organ development and growth
- Highlights of week 4, to include the closure of the neural tube, folding of the embryo, the pharyngeal arches and the beginnings of the limbs.
- Highlights of week 5, to include the growth of the head and heart and kidneys.
- Highlights of week 6, to include, progress of the development of the limbs and heart and start of spontaneous movements.
- Highlights of week 7, to include the importance of cell death to shape the limbs and face and the growth and development of the gut.
- Highlights of week 8, to include bone formation and more of the development of the gut.
- Lecture: Reproductive Endocrinology and the Menstrual Cycle
- Lecture: Perinatal Pathology
- Lecture: Pathology of Death in Childhood
- Lecture: Development of Gastrointestinal Function and Nutritional Needs in Early Life
- Lecture: Cancer in Children
Teaching Material for this Session
- Outline the common malignancies in children and understand why these malignancies are more likely in childhood.
- Describe the common presentation, cellular origins, molecular pathology and treatment of: a. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; b. Wilms’ tumour ; c. Retinoblastoma; d. Neuroblastoma.
- Discuss high-risk groups for developing malignancies in childhood.
- GEP HD All Lectures
- GEP HD All Anatomy & Microanatomy
- GEP HD All Seminars
- GEP HD All PBL
