Subjects

• THE DOCTOR AS A SCHOLAR
  • BASIC SCIENCE
    • Medical knowledge: ANATOMY
    • Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY
    • Medical knowledge: BIOCHEMISTRY (inc. Metabolism)
    • Medical knowledge: CELL BIOLOGY
    • Medical knowledge: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY and GENETICS
  • DISEASE MECHANISMS
    • Medical knowledge: PATHOLOGY
    • Medical knowledge: CANCER
    • Medical knowledge: IMMUNOLOGY and INFLAMMATION
    • Medical knowledge: MICROBIOLOGY and INFECTION
  • CLINICAL SCIENCE
    • Medical knowledge: CLINICAL FEATURES of DISEASE
    • Medical knowledge: THERAPEUTIC PRINCIPLES
    • Medical knowledge: NUTRITION
  • POPULATION SCIENCE
    • Medical knowledge: SOCIOLOGY
    • Medical knowledge: EPIDEMIOLOGY
    • Medical knowledge: PUBLIC HEALTH and GLOBAL HEALTH
    • Medical knowledge: PSYCHOLOGY
• THE DOCTOR AS A PRACTITIONER
  • PATIENT ASSESSMENT
    • Clinical skills: HISTORY and EXAMINATION
    • Clinical skills: INVESTIGATION
    • Clinical skills: IMAGING
    • Clinical skills: DIAGNOSIS and REASONING
  • PRACTICAL PROCEDURES
    • Clinical skills: DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
    • Clinical skills: THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES
  • PATIENT MANAGEMENT
    • Clinical skills: PATIENT MANAGEMENT
    • Clinical skills: PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
    • Clinical skills: NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
    • Clinical skills: SURGERY and ANAESTHETICS
    • Clinical skills: PREVENTATIVE CARE and HEALTH PROMOTION
    • Clinical skills: INTEGRATED HEALTH and COMPLIMENTARY THERAPIES
  • COMMUNICATION
    • Clinical skills: INTERACTION WITH PATIENTS
    • Clinical skills: WORKING IN TEAMS
    • Clinical skills: MANAGING INFORMATION
• THE DOCTOR AS A PROFESSIONAL
  • LEARNING AND TEACHING
    • Professional issues: LEARNING
    • Professional issues: TEACHING
    • Professional issues: REFLECTION and MENTORING
    • Professional issues: EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE
  • PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
    • Professional issues: PERSONAL ATTITUDES and SELF CARE
    • Professional issues: MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM
    • Professional issues: INTER-PROFESSIONAL TEAMS
    • Professional issues: RISK MANAGEMENT and PATIENT SAFETY
  • DOCTOR AND SOCIETY
    • Professional issues: ETHICS and LAW
    • Professional issues: GOVERNANCE and AUDIT
    • Professional issues: MEDICAL LEADERSHIP and MANAGEMENT

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PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Clinical skills: PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY

Index

• General Outcomes for Pharmacological Therapy
• Pharmacological Therapy - Cardiovascular Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Respiratory Disorders
• Pharmacological Emergencies
• Pharmacological Therapy - Haematological Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Renal and Urological Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Endocrine Disorders (inc. Breast)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Child Health
• Pharmacological Therapy - Sexual Health
• Pharmacological Therapy - Obstetrics and Gynaecology
• Pharmacological Therapy - Healthcare of the Elderly
• Pharmacological Therapy - Psychiatric Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Neurological Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Ophthalmological Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Dermatological Disorders

• General Outcomes for Pharmacological Therapy
  • General Principles
    1. Be able to prescribe appropriately (under supervision) drugs and techniques used for pain relief (click here to see list) (AMC5)
    2. Identify the clinical risks associated with poly-pharmacy and drug interactions (GP5)
    3. Shadow Prescribe medications under supervision (AMC5)
    4. Prescribe drugs safely, effectively and economically (click to see list) (YR5intro)
    5. Illustrate the requirements for prescribing in general practice (GP5)
    6. Understands prescription charts and can shadow prescribe medications under supervision (SAPOC5)
    7. Understands the role of community pharmacy in care for patients; medicine usage and understanding, concordance, dispensing rules and regulations including Controlled Drugs (GP5)
  • Pain Relief
    1. Can prescribe appropriately, under supervision, drugs and techniques used for pain relief (SAPOC5)
    2. Know how to select and initiate appropriate analgesia using local protocols (SAPOC5)
    3. Can prescribe appropriately (under supervision) drugs and techniques used for post-operative pain relief (SAPOC5)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Cardiovascular Disorders
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Cardiovascular Disorders (General)
    1. Apply the ‘brains and aims’ algorithm to prescribing for those with heart problems (CR2)
    2. Explain how to integrate treatments in management of heart disease. (CR2)
    3. Define heart failure and describe its treatment. (CR1)
    4. Explain the benefits of lipid-lowering drugs. (CR1)
    5. Discuss key influences on prescribing for patients with heart disease (CR2)
    6. Discuss drug safety issues and the basis for safe prescribing (CR2)
  • Thrombolysis
    1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of thrombolysis and surgery in a patient with a massive pulmonary embolus (CR3)
    2. Understand the role of thrombolysis in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. (BB2)
  • Hypertension
    1. Discuss the control of blood pressure and plasma cholesterol (CR2)
    2. List SIX classes of drugs that can be used to control blood pressure and describe their mechanism of action, place in therapy and major side effects. Apply BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring drugs (CR3)
  • Angina
    1. Give mechanism of action and major side effects of drugs used in unstable angina (CR3)
    2. List FOUR classes of drugs used for angina and describe the mechanism of action, place in therapy (i.e. whether they reduce the risk of a CV event or just control the symptoms) and major side effects of each (CR3)
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction
    1. Describe the mechanism of action, role in therapy and major side effects of aspirin, diamorphine and oxygen in acute MI (CR3)
    2. Describe mechanism of action, indications and contraindications and major side effects of thrombolytic agents (CR3)
    3. List drugs proven to improve prognosis / survival following MI and give evidence supporting their use including number needed to treat (NNT) values (CR3)
  • Arrhythmias and Conduction Defects
    1. Describe the mechanism and speed of onset of action, place in therapy and major side effects of: adenosine; digoxin; amiodarone; verapamil; betablockers; lignocaine; flecainide; magnesium and atropine. (CR3)
    2. Explain when and why anticoagulation is indicated in the treatment of arrhythmias, particularly in atrial fibrillation (CR3)
  • Cardiac Failure and Pulmonary Oedema
    1. List drugs which alter a) preload b) after load and c) cardiac contractility and explain how each of these can be used to treat cardiac failure (CR3)
    2. Learn about drugs which a) improve symptoms; b) prolong survival in heart failure and give evidence for the latter (CR3)
  • Circulatory Failure and Shock
    1. Describe the mechanism of action, place in therapy and major side effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and dobutamine (CR3)
  • Cardiorespiratory Arrest
    1. Describe the mechanism of action and role of adrenaline, lignocaine, amiodarone and magnesium in the management of a cardiac arrest (CR3)
  • Vascular Disease (Inc. CVA)
    1. Describe the role of aspirin, thrombolysis and anticoagulation in the treatment of a stroke (CR3)
    2. Explain why ACE Inhibitors are contra-indicated in patients with renal artery stenosis (CR3)
    3. Describe measures you would take to ensure ACE inhibitors are used safely in a patient with possible vascular disease (CR3)
  • Endocarditis
    1. Give antibiotics effective against each organism that commonly causes infective endocarditis and describe the mechanism of action, place in therapy and major side effects of each (CR3)
    2. Learn NICE guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis (CR3)
  • Lipid Disorders
    1. Describe the management of hyperlipidaemia including diet, exercise and drugs (CR3)
    2. Discuss the control of blood pressure and plasma cholesterol (CR2)
    3. Learn about commonly prescribed drugs in hyperlipidaemia (CR3)
  • Limb Ischaemia and Peripheral Vascular Disease
  • Rheumatic Fever
    1. Discuss the management of rheumatic fever including the choice of antibiotics for streptococcal infection (CR3)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Respiratory Disorders
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Respiratory Disorders (General)
    1. List drugs that can be used to aid smoking cessation and give evidence for their effectiveness (CR3)
  • Oxygen Therapy
    1. Describe methods of oxygen delivery for patients (CR3)
    2. Describe how the decision is made on the amount of oxygen to prescribe (CR3)
    3. Describe oxygen delivery methods in a hospital (CR3)
    4. Describe the role of controlled versus high flow oxygen in patients with COPS and Asthma (CR3)
    5. Describe the arrangements for the supply of oxygen in the community (CR3)
  • Asthma
    1. Describe the mechanism of action, place in therapy and major side effects of asthma treatments including: long / short acting beta2 agonists, corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists and anti-IgE. (CR3)
    2. Explain the rationale behind the stepwise approach used in asthma management and demonstrate use of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) guidelines to choose treatments for asthma (CR3)
    3. Explain to a patient the difference between a reliever and preventer inhaler and the use of each in asthma management (CR3)
    4. Demonstrate the use of a metered dose inhaler with and without a spacer to a patient (CR3)
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
    1. Describe how you would determine what concentration of oxygen to administer to a patient with COPD (CR3)
    2. Discuss the choice of antibiotics for treatment of an acute exacerbation of COPD (CR3)
    3. Explain the rationale behind the stepwise approach to COPD management and demonstrate use of the British Thoracic Society guidelines and NICE guidelines on COPD and the BNF to choose drugs for COPD (CR3)
    4. Explain the mechanism of action and major side effects of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, theophylline in the management of COPD. Use BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring the drugs. (CR3)
    5. Describe the role of long term oxygenation therapy in COPD (CR3)
  • Respiratory Failure
    1. Discuss the benefits of supplemental oxygen therapy in patients with acute and acute on chronic respiratory failure, and describe any precautions necessary in administering therapy. (CR2)
    2. Describe the different devices uses to enrich the oxygen content of inspired air, including nasal prongs, ventimasks and reservoir masks (CR3)
    3. Discuss the choice of inspired oxygen concentration in respiratory failure (CR3)
    4. Explain why oxygen replacement can cause deterioration or improvement in a patient with respiratory failure (CR3)
  • Pneumonia
    1. Pneumonia: severity (CURB-65 score), guidelines, choice of antimicrobials (CSP3)
    2. Name antibiotics likely to be effective against each of the major respiratory pathogens (CR3)
    3. Explain how the correct drug is chosen for lower respiratory tract infections (CR3)
    4. Describe routes of administration by which antibiotics can be given and state when each route should be used (CR3)
    5. Describe the major adverse consequences of antibiotics used in the treatment of LRTI a) for the individual, and b) for society (CR3)
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
    1. Describe the mechanism of action, place in therapy and major side effects of heparin and warfarin in the treatment of DVT and pulmonary embolus (CR3)
    2. Counsel a patient regarding avoidance of drugs, foods and alcohol whilst taking Warfarin (CR3)
  • Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    1. Explain why patients with tuberculosis require treatment with multiple drugs and describe a typical treatment regime (CR3)
    2. List drugs used to treat tuberculosis and give major side effects for each; in addition understand the usefulness of using both bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics (CR3)
    3. Describe measures which can be used to reduce or avoid drug side effects (CR3)
    4. Define adherence to treatment (CR3)
    5. List the consequences and discuss ethical and legal implications of non-adherence to anti-TB therapy (CR3)
    6. Describe the process of directly observed therapy (CR3)
  • Cystic Fibrosis
    1. List organisms that exacerbate bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis and explain how you would choose an antibiotic for patients with exacerbations (CR3)
  • Interstitial Lung Disease
    1. Describe the role of steroids and immune-modulating drugs in the therapy of interstitial lung disease (CR3)
    2. Describe the linkages between medication and interstitial lung disease (CR3)
• Pharmacological Emergencies
• Pharmacological Therapy - Haematological Disorders
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Haematological Disorders (General)
    1. Describe the categories of drug which may be used for therapeutic purposes to modify haemostasis. (CR2)
    2. Give examples of drugs that inhibit platelet function and explain when these are used (CR3)
    3. List common drugs which may induce haemolytic anaemia (CR3)
    4. Outline the action of anti-thrombotic drugs (CR3)
    5. Apply BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring the following: Whole Blood; Packed Red Cells; Platelet Concentrate; Fresh Frozen Plasm; Cryoprecipitate; Human Albumin Solution; Clotting Factor Concentrates; Immunoglobulins (CR3)
  • Lipid Disorders
• Pharmacological Therapy - Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Gastrointestinal Disorders (General)
    1. Apply BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring: 5-Aminosalicylates eg Sulphasalazine; Mesalazine; IV Fluids and Corticosteroids (MET3A)
    2. Discuss the possible approaches to the treatment of obesity (MET2)
    3. Apply BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring: Antacids; H2 receptor blockers eg Ranitidine; Proton Pump Inhibitors eg Omeprazole; Misoprostol; Bismuth Chelate; Metoclopramide; Vasopressin: IV Fluids/Blood (MET3A)
    4. Apply BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring Antibiotics for H.Pylori eradication eg amoxycillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole; (MET3A)
    5. Be aware of the specialist drugs: Thiopurines eg Azathipprine; Ciclosporin; Methotrexate; Anti-TNFa eg infliximab (MET3A)
    6. Be able to look up the main indications, contraindications, cautions, mechanisms of action, main adverse effects, interactions and dosage regimen of Bismuth Chelate and Vasopressin (MET3A)
    7. Explain the mechanism of action of a named proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of ulceration (GEP/DGM, MET1)
    8. Use specialist drugs under close specialist supervision only and monitor patients taking these drugs (MET3A)
    9. Recognise that patients presenting to you unwell, may be so as a result of an adverse reaction these medications; be aware of important adverse effects and interactions to avoid in inadvertent serious drug-drug interactions (MET3A)
    10. Know how to manage a patient with dyspepsia in line with current NICE guidelines (MET3A)
    11. Be able to implement a strategy for pain control in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease (MET3A)
  • Fluid Therapy for GI Disorders
    1. Be able to write up an intravenous fluid regimen for a patient with bowel obstruction (MET3A)
  • Pharmacological Management of Liver Disease
    1. Apply BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring the following medications: Lactulose; Furosemide; Vasopressin; Phosphate Enema; Vitamin K; Spironolactone; Propranolol; Antibiotics eg Ciprofloxacin; Human Albumin Solution (MET3A)
    2. List the drugs currently used for treatment of Hepatitis C (CSP3)
    3. List the approaches to Hepatitis C therapy currently being developed (CSP3)
    4. Be able to identify patients who are prone to drug-induced liver disease (MET3A)
    5. Be able to identify patients with active drug-induced hepatoxicity (MET3A)
    6. Be aware of the specialist drugs Interferon-a and Ribavirin. Be aware of their important adverse effects and drug-drug interactions (MET3A)
    7. Be aware that there are treatment options in hepatitis C infection (MET3A)
    8. Know how to monitor drug effects in patients with liver disease (MET3A)
    9. Know how to monitor patients for hepatotoxic drug effects (MET3A)
    10. Know which drugs may damage the liver and how this occurs (MET3A)
    11. Know the main indications / contraindications and mechanisms of action of and describe the main adverse effects of vasopressin (MET3A)
    12. Understand how liver disease alters how drugs work; adjust prescriptions in patients with liver disease (MET3A)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Renal and Urological Disorders
  • Nephrotic Syndrome and Glomerulonephritis
    1. Understand the mechanism of action of the different diuretics and where they act in the renal tubule (MET3B)
  • Renal Failure
    1. Be aware of the use of drugs blocking the renal angiotensin system in the treatment of chronic renal failure (MET3B)
  • Renal Replacement Therapies (Inc. Transplantation)
    1. Be aware of the mode of action of immunosuppressive drugs commonly used. (MET3B)
  • Bladder Dysfunction and Urinary Tract Infection
    1. Understand that urinary tract infections (UTI's) are a common cause for prescribing antimicrobials (MET3B)
    2. Management of urinary tract infections: criteria of UTI; different categories of patient; choice of antimicrobial (CSP3)
    3. Outline the therapeutic options for urinary tract infections (MET3B)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Endocrine Disorders (inc. Breast)
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Endocrine Disorders (General)
    1. Clinical uses of corticosteroids (MET2)
    2. To see the role of different therapeutic interventions in Cushing's disease and their rationale (MET2)
    3. To understand the rationale and mode of action of somatostatin analogues in acromegaly (MET2)
    4. Describe the detection and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism (GEP/DGM, MET2)
  • Diabetes, Insulins and Oral Hypoglycaemics
    1. Understand the indications of the various classes of oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin therapies and first aid advice to the diabetic patient (MET3B)
    2. Apply BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring the following medication for Hypoglycaemia: 50% Glucose; Glucagon (MET3B)
    3. Apply BRAINS&AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring the following medication for Hyperglycaemia: Soluble Insulin; IV Fluids; IV Potassium; Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) eg Enoxaparin (MET3B)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Child Health
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Child Health (General)
    1. Describe the pharmacological rationale for the treatment of pre-school wheeze (HD2)
    2. Discuss the use of anti-pyretics and antibiotics (HD2)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Sexual Health
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Sexual Health (General)
    1. To understand the efficacy, side effects, drug interactions and contraindications of drugs used in the management of STIs (I&I 4)
  • Contraception
    1. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods of contraception including post-coital contraception and its dangers (HD1)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • Pharmacological Therapy in Obstetrics
    1. 3. Outline the options available to treat the symptoms of the menopause (HD1)
    2. General prescribing in Pregnancy (O&G4)
    3. Effect of pregnancy on pharmacokinetics (O&G4)
    4. Understanding teratogens and pre-pregnancy preparation (O&G4)
    5. Be aware of teratogenic effects of drugs on fetal development (O&G4)
    6. Principles of presecribing during lactation (O&G4)
    7. Basic knowledge on drugs that inhibit lactation and their mechanism of action: Bromocriptine; Oestrogens; Thiazides (O&G4)
    8. Effects of drugs of abuse on foetal development (O&G4)
    9. Basic knowledge on common drugs that should not be taken while breast feeding, including: Aspirin; Ergotamine; Antibacterials; Benzodiazipines; Lithium; Anti-thyroid drugs and iodine; Suphonylureas; and anti-neoplastic drugs (O&G4)
    10. Use of vaccines in pregnancy (O&G4)
    11. Drugs of choice in pregnancy for common conditions, including epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, UTI, hypertension and hyperthyroidism (O&G4)
    12. Understand the precautions necessary when using glucocorticoids if breast feeding (O&G4)
    13. Obstetric drugs used during delivery, including oxytocin, prostaglandins, ergot alkaloids, opiates/other analgesics, and tocolytics (O&G4)
    14. Drugs used for the suppression of lactation (O&G4)
  • Pharmacological Therapy in Gynaecology
    1. Discuss the pharmacology relevant to the complications of labour (HD2)
    2. Therapeutic management of menstrual disorders (O&G4)
    3. To demonstrate basic knowledge of currently available contraceptive methods and be able to communicate to clients the mechanism of action and failure rate (I&I 4, O&G4, O&G4)
    4. Pharmacological treatments for menopausal symptoms, including indications and contraindications, side effects and complications (O&G4)
    5. Understanding the treatment of subfertility (O&G4)
    6. Understanding the treatment of genital tract infections including STIs (O&G4)
    7. Outline the therapeutic management of genitourinary disturbance (O&G4)
    8. Understanding Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and the principles of prescribing (O&G4)
    9. Understanding rationale for commonly used chemotherapies in gynaecological cancer (O&G4)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Healthcare of the Elderly
  • Pharmacological Therapy for Elderly People
    1. Under each of the following themes the common drug classes and members, indications, contra-indications, interactions and side effects (click to see list) (HCOE4)
    2. Know and understand the primary drug classes and members, their indications, contra-indications, common side effects and interactions; Including L-Dopa, DA agonists, COMT inhibitors, MAOI-B inhibitors, Apomorphine. (HCOE4, PSYCH4)
    3. To explore the issues around polypharmacy and compliance in the elderly population (CC4)
  • Senile Dementia (inc. Alzheimer's Disease)
    1. Discuss the generic and specific therapeutic interventions for a patient with Alzheimer's Disease (HD2)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Psychiatric Disorders
  • Antidepressants
    1. Know when and how to use antidepressants and know their side effects (PSYCH4)
  • Mood Stabilisers
    1. Know when and how to use antimanic agents and know their side effects (PSYCH4)
  • Anxiolytics
    1. Know when and how to use anxiolytic drugs and know their side effects (PSYCH4)
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Psychiatric Disorders (General)
  • Anti-Psychotic Drug Therapy
    1. Know when and how to use antipsychotic drugs (oral and depot) and know their side effects (PSYCH4, PSYCH4)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Neurological Disorders
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Neurological Disorders (General)
    1. Demonstrate knowledge of therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, side effects and interactions for the following common medications used in neurological treatment; carbamazepine, phenytoin, valporate, carbidopa / levodopa (NEURO4, NEURO4)
    2. Meningitis: blind treatment, flow chart (CSP3)
  • Parkinson's Disease
    1. Discuss the generic and specific therapeutic interventions for a patient with Parkinson's Disease (HD2)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Ophthalmological Disorders
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Ophthalmological Disorders (General)
    1. Know the clinically relevant ocular pharmacology. (OPHTH4)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Musculoskeletal Disorders
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Musculoskeletal Disorders (General)
    1. Describe the pathogenesis and mainfeatures of renal osteodystrophy and its management
    2. Describe the clinical features, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (MusSkel4)
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    4. Can describe the clinical features and treatment of calcium pyrophosphate arthropathy (pseudogout) (MusSkel4)
    5. Can understand the clinical features and treatment of reactive arthritis (MusSkel4)
    6. Can diagnose and treat a patient with chronic widespread pain / fibromyalgia (MusSkel4)
    7. Can fully describe the pathology, clinical features and treatment of osteoarthritis (MusSkel4)
    8. Knows how to diagnose and treat a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (MusSkel4)
    9. Knows how to diagnose and treat a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (MusSkel4)
    10. Is able to identify risk factors for Osteoporosis and give appropriate prophylaxis (non-pharmacological and pharmacological) (MusSkel4)
    11. Can describe the principal non-surgical approaches to treating back pain (MusSkel4)
  • Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS)
    1. To understand the pharmacology of the DMARDs for RA (LOC2)
    2. Knows about the use of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in RA (MusSkel4)
  • Analgesic Drugs
    1. Apply BRAINS & AIMS when choosing, giving and monitoring the following medications: Aspirin; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac; Cyclo-oxygenase 2 selective inhibitors (Coxibs) eg Celecoxib; Local Anaesthesi (MusSkel4)
    2. Types of analgesia advantages and disadvantages (LOC2)
    3. Be able to distinguish between the following terms and conditions: Pain secondary to inflammation; Neuropathic pain; Pain secondary to malignancy; WHO analgesic ladder (MusSkel4)
    4. Know how to select the type, route, dose and frequency of analgesia to maximise efficacy and reduce harm (MusSkel4)
    5. Can be able to differentiate between acute treatment and chronic prophylaxis of gout (MusSkel4)
• Pharmacological Therapy - Dermatological Disorders
  • Pharmacological Therapy - Dermatological Disorders (General)
    1. Demonstrate knowledge of the basic pharmacology and use of topical treatments, including emollients and steroids (DERM4)
    2. Can describe the common or important adverse effects, including important drug interactions, of the systemic treatments commonly used in the index dermatological conditions. (DERM4)
    3. Cellulitis: organisms and choice of antimicrobial (CSP3)
    4. Demonstrate knowledge of the basic pharmacology of common and important systemic therapeutic agents used in skin disease including methotrexate, roaccutane, prednisolone, azathioprine and the biologics. (DERM4)

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