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• WHOLE PERSON
  • The Whole Person
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• METABOLISM
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  • Endocrine System
• HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
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  • Child Health
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• BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Child Health

Index

• General Outcomes for Child Health
• Neonatal Disorders - General
• Puberty and Pubertal Problems
• Childhood Emergencies (A & E)
• Cardio-Vascular Disorders in Childhood
• Respiratory Disorders
• Neurological Disorders of Childhood
• Haematological Disorders
• Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders in Childhood
• Disorders of the Endocrine System
• Psychiatric / Psychological Problems in Childhood
• Congenital and Genetic Abnormalities
• Child Abuse

• General Outcomes for Child Health
  • Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY
    • Adaptation of Fetus to Neonate - General
      1. Understand the adaptation to extra-uterine life with particular reference to cardio-respiratory and metabolic changes (CH4)
      2. Understand the processes whereby a fetus makes the transition from being dependent on the placenta to being able to live independently (HD1)
    • Developmental Issues
      1. Have a basic knowledge of normal child development (CH4, CH4)
      2. Understand psychological development during adolescence. (HD1)
  • Medical knowledge: NUTRITION
    • General Outcomes for Nutrition
      1. Recognise the major nutrient and vitamin requirements during infancy and childhood (HD1)
      2. Be able to design appropriate diets for infants of different ages (HD1)
      3. Demonstrate how to make up infant feeds (HD1)
  • Medical knowledge: PSYCHOLOGY
    • Development of Abilities in Children
      1. Understand the progress of motor and sensory development in childhood and its neurological basis (HD1)
      2. Describe the process of language development in infancy and childhood (HD1)
      3. Describe the growth of cognitive abilities in children (HD1)
      4. Understand the methods by which development may be objectively assessed in young children (HD1)
    • Normal Behaviour and Emotional Development
      1. Describe those characteristics of the infant, child and adolescent which can be considered as normal behaviour (HD1)
      2. Understand the importance of distinguishing the different stages of development (HD1)
      3. Understand psychological development during adolescence (HD1)
      4. Understand sexual behaviour during adolescence (HD1)
  • Clinical skills: HISTORY and EXAMINATION
    • Examination of the Newborn
      1. Have an understanding of the aims of routine examination of the newborn (11/12 Arch)
      2. Know the normal values of weight, length and head circumference of an infant and plot these measurements on a centile chart (HD1)
      3. Have knowledge of the normal values for weight, length and occipital frontal circumference (OFC) (11/12 Arch)
      4. Be able to measure the length, weight and head circumference of an infant and plot these measurements on a centile chart (HD1)
      5. Have an understanding of the method of physical examination of the newborn (11/12 Arch)
      6. Have an understanding of the assessment of maturity of the newborn (11/12 Arch)
      7. Have an understanding of differences in baby sizes at birth (11/12 Arch)
    • Examination of Children
      1. Know the specific items required in a paediatric history (CH4)
      2. Discuss the importance and the skills used when exploring psychological and physical symptoms (HD2)
      3. Understand the use of centile charts in assessing child growth (HD1)
    • History from children
      1. Know the specific items required in a paediatric history (CH4)
    • Taking a History
      1. Knows the specific items required in a paediatric history
    • Mental State Examination
      1. Describe how to conduct a mental state examination in a child (HD2)
  • Clinical skills: INTERACTION WITH PATIENTS
    • Communicating with Children
      1. List reasons why children need to be included at every stage of the consultation (HD2)
      2. Define relevant skills to use when talking with children (HD2)
  • Clinical skills: MANAGING INFORMATION
    • Keeping Patient Records and Notes
      1. Understand the main uses of the personal child health record (HD1)
• Neonatal Disorders - General
  • General Outcomes for Neonatal Disorders
    1. Describe the pathology and pathophysiology of: hyaline membrane disease; necrotising enterocolitis; intraventricular haemorrhage; ischaemic brain damage (HD2)
    2. Know about the major causes of congenital and neonatal infections and how to diagnose and treat/prevent (CH4)
    3. Describe the most important neonatal problems, their incidence and prognosis (HD2)
    4. 4. Outline immuno-deficiencies that present in children.
    5. Understand the clinical importance and acute treatment of Neonatal infections and common organisms
    6. Describe how problem pregnancies can affect the newborn infant (HD2)
    7. Discuss the problem of talking to anxious parents (HD2)
  • Normal Newborn and Feeding
    1. Understand the adaptation to extra-uterine life with particular reference to cardio-respiratory and metabolic changes (CH4)
    2. Know how to initiate feeding in a newborn infant (CH4)
  • Jaundice of the Newborn
    1. Understand the pathophysiology of Haemolytic Disease of the newborn and other causes of neonatal jaundice
    2. Know the treatment of Haemolytic Disease of the newborn and other causes of neonatal jaundice
  • Premature Birth and Low Birthweight
    1. List the main problems associated with being born prematurely, with reference to its effect on organ development (HD2)
    2. Describe the mechanisms of temperature control in low birth weight babies (HD2)
    3. Discuss the potential nutritional consequences of being a low birth weight baby, and ways to deal with them (HD2)
    4. Discuss the outlook for low birth weight babies and identify some of the ethical issues (HD2)
    5. Discuss the psycho-social effects of a premature birth (HD2)
  • Surgical Problems in the Neonate
    1. Know the primary defect in Gastroschisis and Exomphalos (CH4)
  • Birth Asphyxia
    1. Know the causes, grading and sequelae of Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (CH4)
• Puberty and Pubertal Problems
  • Puberty and Disorders of Puberty - General
    1. Understand the physiology of puberty and the associated physical changes (11/12 Arch, CH4, HD1, HD1, HD1, O&G4)
    2. Know the physiology of the Hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis
    3. Explain the relationship between growth and puberty (HD2)
• Childhood Emergencies (A & E)
  • Childhood Emergencies - General
    1. Know the diagnosis of acute poisoning in childhood (CH4)
    2. Know how to manage acute anaphylaxis in children (CH4)
    3. Know how to assess the critically ill child and appreciate the importance of early recognition (CH4)
• Cardio-Vascular Disorders in Childhood
  • Cardio-Vascular Disorders in Childhood - General
    1. Know the anatomy and physiology of congenital heart disease (CH4)
    2. Know the presenting features of cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease (CH4)
    3. Understand the role of prostaglandins and diuretics in the acute management of congenital heart disease (CH4)
  • Congenital Heart Disease
    1. Know the anatomy and physiology of congenital heart disease (CH4)
    2. Describe the basic embryology of congenital heart disease (HD2)
    3. Know the presenting features of Congenital heart defect
    4. Explain the mechanisms by which the common forms of cyanotic heart disease produce cyanosis (HD2)
    5. Know the presenting features of cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease (CH4)
    6. Understand the role of prostaglandins and diuretics in the acute management of congenital heart disease (CH4)
    7. Explain the circulatory pathophysiology of common forms of acyanotic congenital heart disease (HD2)
    8. Explain the way in which circulatory changes at birth may contribute to the delayed presentation of congenital heart disease, with particular reference to the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale (HD2)
• Respiratory Disorders
  • General Outcomes for Childhood Respiratory Disorders
    1. Understand why fluid overload may occur in children with respiratory disease
    2. Describe the physiological mechanisms for wheeze in young children (HD2)
    3. Understand that wheezing in childhood may result from Foreign body
    4. Know the causes of wheezing in children of different ages. This should include knowledge of the clinical features and management of Bronchiolitis, Asthma and Foreign Body inhalation. (CH4)
    5. Be able to differentiate the different causes of wheezing in infancy
    6. Understand the physiological basis and treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CH4)
  • Asthma in Childhood
    1. Know the commonly used inhaler devices and how to explain their use to families and children (CH4)
    2. Be able to recognise children with Asthma
    3. Know the clinical features and management of asthma and cystic fibrosis
    4. Be able to recognise the clinical features and manage an acute asthma attack in a child (CH4)
    5. Know how to assess and treat children with Asthma
    6. Evaluate the epidemiological studies of pre-school wheeze and the concept of asthma phenotypes (HD2)
    7. Discuss the environmental factors that increase the vulnerability of young children to develop wheeze (HD2)
    8. Describe the pharmacological rationale for the treatment of pre-school wheeze (HD2)
  • Respiratory Infections in Children
    1. Know the management of childhood chest infections (bacterial, viral )
    2. Know the clinical features, causative organisms, diagnosis and management of most common causes of respiratory tract infections, both upper and lower (CH4)
    3. Know the causative organisms of childhood chest infections (bacterial, viral )
    4. Know how to treat children with Bronchiolitis
    5. Be familiar with the clinical features of childhood chest infections (bacterial, viral )
    6. Be able to recognise children with Bronchiolitis
• Neurological Disorders of Childhood
  • Neurological Disorders of Childhood - General
  • Epilepsy in Childhood
    1. Understand the spectrum of paediatric Epileptic disorders (including febrile convulsions)
    2. Know the principles of management and treatment of paediatric Epileptic disorders (including febrile convulsions)
  • Cerebral Palsy
    1. Know the presentation and clinical signs of Cerebral palsy
    2. Know the multidiciplinary management of Cerebral palsy (CH4)
    3. Know the presentation, clinical signs, and multidisciplinary management of Cerebral palsy (CH4)
    4. Know the multidiciplinary management of Cerebral palsy
• Haematological Disorders
  • Haematological Disorders of Childhood - General
    1. Know the treatment of Haemolytic Disease of the newborn and other causes of neonatal jaundice
  • Anaemia in Childhood
  • Haemoglobinopathies - General (exc. Sickle Cell)
    1. Know the clinical presentation and molecular basis of haemoglobinopathies (CH4)
  • Sickle Cell Disease in Childhood - General
    1. Know the diagnosis of Sickle cell crisis in children (CH4)
    2. Understand that abdominal pain may result from Sickle cell crisis (CH4)
    3. Know the management of Sickle cell crisis in children (CH4)
  • Haematological Malignancies in Childhood - General
    1. Know the treatment needed for a patient with Neutropenic sepsis (patient on chemotherapy, bone marrow failure) (CH4)
• Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • General Outcomes for Childhood Gastrointestinal Disorders
    1. Understand the causes and management of Malabsorption syndromes in childhood (CH4)
    2. Understand that abdominal pain may result from Inflammatory bowel disease (CH4)
    3. Understand the management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in childhood
    4. Understand the management of Malabsorption syndromes in childhood
    5. Understand the presentation and management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in childhood (CH4)
    6. Know the relevant investigation of the common gastrointestinal problems seen in children
    7. Know the diagnosis of the common gastrointestinal problems seen in children
    8. Know the primary defect in Gastroschisis and Exomphalos (CH4)
    9. Know the clinical features of the acute abdomen in children
    10. Know the aetiology and pathophysiology of the common gastrointestinal problems seen in children
    11. Be aware of the clinical presentation of the common gastrointestinal problems seen in children
    12. Know the common gastrointestinal problems seen in children and within these conditions know their management and treatment, and prognosis (CH4)
    13. Appreciate the clinical features, differential diagnosis and management of abdominal pain in childhood, including appendicitis, abdominal sepsis, Idiopathic (including psychological) causes, inflammatory bowel disease and rare diseases (e.g. porphyrias). (CH4, CH4)
  • Acute Abdomen in Children
    1. Know the clinical features and management of the acute abdomen in children
    2. Know the common surgical problems throughout childhood: both acute and chronic; recognition, management, and prognosis; preparing a child and family for the operating theatre (CH4)
    3. Know the clinical features of the acute abdomen in children
    4. Be capable of taking a history and examining a child with acute abdominal pain. (CH4, CH4)
    5. Appreciate the clinical features, differential diagnosis and management of abdominal pain in childhood, including appendicitis, abdominal sepsis, Idiopathic (including psychological) causes, inflammatory bowel disease and rare diseases (e.g. porphyrias). (CH4, CH4)
  • Coeliac Disease
    1. Be able to recognise the clinical presentation and understand the pathological features of Coeliac disease (CH4)
  • Nutritional and Feeding Problems in Childhood
    1. Know how to manage a child with nutritional problems, including plotting weight and height charts accurately, and appreciating the significance of changes in the centiles (CH4, CH4)
    2. Be able to take a history of childhood feeding and understand the causes of feeding problems in childhood (CH4)
    3. Know about the common presentation of allergy in childhood (CH4)
• Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders in Childhood
  • Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders in Childhood - General
    1. Know the diagnosis of the common urinary tract problems seen in children
    2. Know the aetiology and pathophysiology of the common urinary tract problems seen in children (CH4)
    3. Know the clinical presentation of the common urinary tract problems seen in children (CH4)
    4. Know the relevant investigation of the common urinary tract problems seen in children (CH4)
    5. Know the management of common urinary tract problems seen in children (CH4)
• Disorders of the Endocrine System
  • Endocrine Disorders - General
  • Endocrine Disorders of Development and Growth
    1. 5. Briefly outline the patterns of disease noted in human development and diseases of premature ageing (HD1)
    2. List the factors regulating growth (HD2)
    3. Explain the techniques of measuring children of all ages, and be able to plot and interpret measurements on growth charts (HD2)
    4. Take a history to determine the relevant features which may contribute to a diagnosis of short stature (HD2)
    5. Explain the relationship between growth and puberty (HD2)
    6. List the causes of short stature and devise a programme of investigations to elucidate the cause (HD2)
• Psychiatric / Psychological Problems in Childhood
  • Psychiatric / Psychological Problems in Childhood - General
    1. List disorders seen in child mental health clinics and identify which of them are common (HD2)
    2. Discuss the important features of different disorders of child mental health (HD2)
  • Behavioural Problems in Childhood - General
    1. Know the presentation, clinical signs and management of ADHD (CH4)
    2. Know the multidiciplinary management of Behavioural problems of early childhood (CH4)
    3. Know the presentation and clinical signs of behavioural problems of early childhood (CH4)
    4. Understand psychological development at different ages (CH4, CH4)
    5. Describe observed behaviours clearly (HD2)
    6. Understand that many childhood presenting complaints have no organic basis and to be able to confidently and confidentially explore these areas with the family (CH4, CH4)
    7. Know how to make informed decisions about whether observed behaviours are inappropriate
    8. Know the multidiciplinary management of ADHD
    9. Be able to describe observed behaviours clearly in a confident manner (CH4, CH4)
    10. Be able to carry out a mental state examination of a child and present the findings in an ordered and logical manner (CH4, CH4)
    11. Be aware of the concept of competence and how this relates to decision making in the older child. (CH4, CH4)
    12. Be able to discuss what needs to be considered when assessing behaviour and mental health problems (CH4, CH4)
    13. Be able to make informed decisions about whether observed behaviours are inappropriate (CH4, CH4, CH4)
    14. Be able to recognise the child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (CH4)
    15. Explain how normal development and behaviour inform decisions about whether observed behaviours are inappropriate (HD2)
    16. Discuss the wider context which needs to be considered when assessing behaviour and mental health problems (HD2)
• Congenital and Genetic Abnormalities
  • General Outcomes for Congenital and Genetic Abnormalities
    1. Know about the major causes of congenital and neonatal infections and how to diagnose and treat/prevent (CH4)
    2. Describe the role of the clinical geneticist (HD2)
    3. Know the primary defect in Gastroschisis and Exomphalos (CH4)
    4. Describe the breadth of inherited conditions (HD2)
    5. Know the major features of other chromosomal syndromes (trisomies and microdeletion syndromes) (CH4)
    6. Explain the basic principles of genetic linkage analysis; describe the different types of genetic markers that can be used in this analysis and how they are detected (HD2)
    7. Explain how candidate genes may be selected, both on the basis of their position and function (HD2)
    8. Explain how you could establish whether or not a mutation is pathogenic (HD2)
    9. Discuss the links between abnormal structure and function in the major non-cardiac malformations (particularly neural tube defect, gastroschisis, cleft lip and palate) (HD2)
    10. Discuss the implications for the families affected by a genetic disorder (HD2)
    11. Outline the implications of lethal versus treatable congenital conditions (HD2)
    12. Take an accurate family history and present the results as an informative pedigree (HD2)
  • Down's Syndrome
    1. Know the physical and developmental features of Downs syndrome (CH4)
    2. Understand the genetic basis and methods of antenatal screening for Down's Syndrome
    3. Know the multidiciplinary management of Down's syndrome
    4. Know the presentation, clinical signs, and multidisciplinary management of Down's syndrome (CH4)
    5. Know the multidiciplinary management of Down's syndrome
    6. Be familiar with the physical and developmental features of Downs syndrome.
• Child Abuse
  • General Outcomes for Child Abuse
    1. Understand the effects of social deprivation/neglect on the psychological development of the child (CH4, CH4)
    2. Know the legal measures available for the protection of children
    3. Outline the common forms of child abuse and neglect (HD2)
    4. Be aware of the legal aspects of Child protection, and the close working relationship with the police and social services that is necessary (CH4)
    5. Know the legal measures available for the protection of children (CH4)
    6. Know and recognise the signs of Non accidental injury (CH4)
    7. Know the multidiciplinary management of Emotional neglect (CH4)
    8. Understand local Child protection procedures and appreciate the importance of close liaison with all professionals dealing with child abuse (CH4)
    9. Know the presentation and clinical signs of Emotional neglect (CH4)
    10. Recognise the common presentations of childhood abuse (HD2)
    11. Discuss the legal and ethical dilemmas of caring for children (HD2)
    12. Describe the role of various agencies and appropriate steps to be taken when child abuse is suspected (HD2)

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