Modules
- Year 1
- Year 2
- Year 3
- Year 4
- Year 5
- Year GEP 1
Year GEP 1 GEP/M&P: Movement and Posture
- Dr Lesley Robson
- l.g.robson@qmul.ac.uk
Introduction
Intro
Index
- General Outcomes for the Whole Person
- General Outcomes for Neurosciences
- General Outcomes for the Musculoskeletal System
- General Outcomes for the Whole Person
- Medical knowledge: ANATOMY
- Muscles, Nerves and Connective Tissue
- Epithelia and Glands
- Medical knowledge: PATHOLOGY
- Medical knowledge: ANATOMY
- General Outcomes for Neurosciences
- Medical knowledge: ANATOMY
- Autonomic Nervous System
-
Neural Pathways
- Describe the anatomy of the spinal canal and the organisation of the dorsal and ventral roots. Describe the trajectory of the roots, the numbers of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral roots and their relationship to the sympathetic ganglia.
- Draw a cross section of the spinal cord showing grey and white matter, dorsal and ventral horns; different laminae and zones of termination of the different types of primary afferent fibres; show the location of flexor and extensor motorneuron cell bodies
- Draw a cross-section of the cord to show the principal ascending and descending tracts located within the white matter.
- Central Nervous System
- Muscles, Nerves and Connective Tissue
- Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY
-
General Outcomes for Nervous System Physiology
- Be able to draw a table showing the different types of primary afferent and efferent fibres found in mammalian peripheral nerves. Indicate the function and conduction velocity of the different fibre types.
- Be able to describe the essential differences between afferent and efferent nerves.
- to obtain quantitative data on the 2-point discrimination thresholds on different parts of the body
- Outline the pathway of, and name the enzymes involved in, the synthesis of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
- Be able to describe the different kinds of sensory receptors found in the skin and other organs, and their relationship to the different diameters of sensory nerve fibres.the essential differences between afferent and efferent nerves.
- Describe the synthesis, storage and release of acetylcholine.
- Explain how noradrenaline and adrenaline are released from sympathetic nerves, how they act, and how they are inactivated.
- Be able to differentiate between mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors, and describe how action potentials arise from generator potentials in each kind of receptor.
- Differentiate nicotinic from muscarinic effects.
- Describe the control of muscle length and tension involving muscle spindles and tendon organs.
- Describe the role of polysynaptic reflexes in the spinal cord
- Describe the distribution of α- and ß-adrenoceptors and how different tissues/organs respond to adrenoceptor stimulation.
- Be able to list the changes that occur after nerve injury.
- Give examples of drugs (agonists / antagonists) selective for α- and ß-adrenoceptors, and for subtypes of these receptors. Discuss the therapeutic uses of these drugs.
- Describe and explain the effects of anti-cholinesterase drugs (neostigmine, pyridostigmine)
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Motor Systems
- Describe the anatomy and physiology of muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organs.
- Describe the concept of lower motoneurone and upper motoneurone lesions, muscle tone & spasticity.
- Name cholinergic agonists and antagonists; describe their receptor selectivity and possible therapeutic uses.
- Explain the mechanisms of action of different kinds of neuromuscular blocking agents.
-
Somatosensory Pathways
- To produce a clear description of the changes in sensory perception in a subject with circulation occluded in one arm. Discuss the neurophysiological processes in the arm that are responsible for these perceptual changes.
- to discuss the concept of somatosensory receptive fields on the body surface, how density and size of these fields may affect the localisation of touch stimuli
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General Outcomes for Nervous System Physiology
- Clinical skills: HISTORY and EXAMINATION
- Examination of the PNS
- Examination of the CNS inc. Cranial Nerves
-
Examination of the Nervous System - General
- Be able to perform a cutaneous sensory examination (low threshold touch; pinprick; point position sensation; vibration; temperature)
- Be able to perform a reflex tendon examination of the following reflexes: beceps, triceps, knee, ankle and plantar flexor
- Be able to perform an EMG (electromyography) of the muscles of the upper limb and interpret the data generated
- Medical knowledge: ANATOMY
- General Outcomes for the Musculoskeletal System
- Medical knowledge: ANATOMY
- Muscles, Nerves and Connective Tissue
- Anatomical Positions, Planes and Movements
- Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb
- Innervation of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand
- Surface Anatomy of the Shoulder and Upper Limb
- Muscles, Tendons and Movements of the Hand
- Muscles, Tendons and Movement of the Upper Limb
- The Brachial Plexus
- Muscles and Tendons and Movements of the Shoulder Joint
- Circulation of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand
- Circulation of the lower limb and foot
- Muscles, Tendons and Movement of the Hip and Leg
- The Knee Joint and Popliteal Fossa
- Surface Anatomy of the Hip, Leg and Foot
- Innervation of the Lower Limb and Foot
- Spinal Regions, Vertebrae and Intervertebral Discs
- Muscles, Ligaments and Movements of the Back and Vertebral Column
- Medical knowledge: PHYSIOLOGY
-
General Musculoskeletal Physiology
- Be able to explain the process of intramembranous and endochondral bone development
- Be able to explain how bones grow postnatally both in length and width
- Explain how injury to the median and ulnar nerves effect the function of the hand
- Understand the movements that are possible at the various joints of the hand, and the muscles involved
- Understand key concepts in endochondral ossification including ossification centres and the epiphyseal growth plate.
- Identify bone and sutures in developing intramembranous bone.
- Understand the two main categories of grip and the main sub-divisions within each
- Understand the functional anatomy and modification of the lower limb for stability and locomotion
- Joint Structure and Function
- Skeletal Muscle (Striated Muscle)
- Walking and Posture
- Peripheral Systems
- Skin
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General Musculoskeletal Physiology
- Medical knowledge: PATHOLOGY
- Medical knowledge: ANATOMY
